Many endosymbiotic theories have figured in opinion about the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. More than 20 different versions of Endosymbiotic theories have been presented in literature to explain the origin of eukaryotes and their mitochondria (Martin, Garg and Zimorski, 2015, p.1678). A Prokaryotic cell contains structural components such as: Cell wall is made of peptidoglycan. Gram-positive bacteria contain a thick cell wall with many layers of peptidoglycan and gram-negative bacteria have only few layers of peptidoglycan. The cell membrane of a bacterial cell has infoldings- mesosomes are intensely folded and are associated with DNA and also carry out respiration, photosynthetic membrane posses pigments and spread throughout the cell, nitrogen-fixing membrane is present in the cell membrane for fixing nitrogen. The capsule/glycocalyx is a stiff structure which is made of polysaccharides and
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1 The evidence that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once primitive bacterial cells is described in the Endosymbiotic theory. One organism living inside another organism is called Endosymbiosis. The Endosymbiotic theory describes how large host cells and engulfed bacteria could easily become reliant on each other for survival. Phycol (2001, p.951) states that the theory of endosymbiosis describes the establishment of plastids from cyanobacterial-like prokaryotes living within eukaryotic host cells. After thousands of years of evolution mitochondria and chloroplast have become more specialized and today they cannot live outside a host cell. Figure 2 below shows how mitochondria and chloroplasts were engulfed into host cells. According to Archibald (2015, p.11) it is now been tightly recognized that the mitochondria and chloroplasts are evolved from
1 The evidence that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once primitive bacterial cells is described in the Endosymbiotic theory. One organism living inside another organism is called Endosymbiosis. The Endosymbiotic theory describes how large host cells and engulfed bacteria could easily become reliant on each other for survival. Phycol (2001, p.951) states that the theory of endosymbiosis describes the establishment of plastids from cyanobacterial-like prokaryotes living within eukaryotic host cells. After thousands of years of evolution mitochondria and chloroplast have become more specialized and today they cannot live outside a host cell. Figure 2 below shows how mitochondria and chloroplasts were engulfed into host cells. According to Archibald (2015, p.11) it is now been tightly recognized that the mitochondria and chloroplasts are evolved from