Macrophage

Topic of Introduction Syphilis has been a major public health problem in all healthcare organizations worldwide since the 1500s. Despite numerous prevention and intervention efforts, the overall rates of the case of syphilis in the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) have not decreased significantly over time. In fact, according to Sally Ho, “the latest available data, from 2014, showed a 15 percent increase in cases overall, the Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention said. A majority of…

Introduction: The ultimate goal of this laboratory experiment was to have a better understanding of phagocytosis and how certain factors may affect the rate of phagocytosis. The first part of the experiment was to test the effects of both concentrations of India ink, and feeding status on the rate of phagocytosis. Through this testing one can identify the conditions necessary to obtain the highest rate of phagocytosis. The second part of this lab was taking the variables that maximize the rate…

Gout is a “disorder of metabolism that allows uric acid or urate to accumulated in the blood and tissues”(Rothschild, 2015, p. 3). It is more common in men than in women and has a higher incidence in 70 to 79 years of age. The gout syndrome is “ caused by alteration in purine metabolism, the end product which is uric acid. This results in hyperurecemia and in the deposition of urate crystals in various tissues (Woo & Wynne, 2011, p. 869). Hyperuricemia can occur due three mechanisms: 1.…

Clostridium tetani is a rod shaped microorganism’s bacteria in charge of the frequently lethal infection tetanus he word tetanus originates from the Greek word tetanus, which anticipates the meaning to stretch. Tetanus is described by unbending nature and sudden contractions of skeletal muscle and infection within the integumentary system, skin (Tortora, et al., 2016). Bacterial cells, similar to plant cells, are surrounded by a cell wall. However, bacterial cell walls are comprised of…

accumulation of cholesterol and their compounds within a fibrous coat. After it builds up, the injury to the arteries signal the immune system to release white blood cells to the site. This initiates a process called the inflammatory response. Macrophages literally "eat" the oxidized cholesterol leaving behind foamy cells that attach to the artery's smooth muscle cells. The foamy cells then buildup within the artery. After the immune system senses the foamy cells, it releases other factors…

The job of the human body’s immune system is to fight against infection by detecting and destroying foreign bacteria and viruses, usually to much success. However, the immune system isn’t perfect, and can make mistakes. Sometimes, the immune system confuses a friendly part of the body for a pathogen, and begins attacking its own cells (Petrov, 2011). When these events occur, the body has contracted what is known as an autoimmune disorder. Autoimmune disorders have been rapidly growing problems…

The human body has two major circulatory systems: the blood and lymphatic systems. Although the blood vascular system and the lymphatic system operate in parallel and share some anatomical features, the two vascular systems have had very different fates in science and medicine, as they display distinct structural and functional features. While the blood system has been extensively studied and examined, the lymphatic system has been neglected and considered as less important compared with the…

The variability of the human gut microbiome and its effect on health Abstract The human gut microbiome consists of a wide range of microbes such as bacteria, fungi and archaea which can be found in the gastrointestinal tract. This gut microbiome can have both beneficial and harmful effects on the host. On one hand, it is involved in processes such as modulation of the immune system and metabolism which are beneficial for the human host. On the other hand, an imbalance in the gut microbiome…

In 2015, approximately 47 million people around the nation were evaluated to have dementia (McGill). Alzheimer’s is a common form of dementia characterized by memory lapses, emotional instability, confusion, and loss of mental ability that can occur in middle or old age due to changes in the brain. It destroys memory and other important mental functions. There are health concerns due to the lack of effective treatment options. It is a serious brain disease that affects people worldwide.…

INTRODUCTION Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an auto-immune system. Auto mean self. Autoimmune means that our immune system cannot differentiate between foreign invaders and our own healthy body tissues and decide that our healthy cells are foreign substance. Thus, creating autoantibodies which are protein that attack and eventually destroy the healthy tissues. This means that our body ability to prevent and fight against infection are reducing. SLE is more than any connective tissues…