Macrophage

Evolutionary Perspective and Effects of Psychosocial Stress on Obesity In today’s society, it is so easy to go from malnutrition based on under-nutrition to malnutrition based on over-nutrition. This malnutrition based on over-nutrition is better known as obesity. Obesity has become an epidemic in numerous countries. Many children and adults die at a young age from diseases that are obesity-related. Research has shown that millions of years ago, our ancestors did not have these chronic…

Survival of the Sickest, written by Dr. Sharon Moalem provides a fascinating glimpse into the idea that modern day human diseases that afflict us actually have a significant role in the selection and existence of our ancestors. Before reading this book, I was used to thinking of diseases as disorders that adversely affect a person. While this may be the case for most individuals, Moalem explained in his book that that there’s an underlying connection between various diseases and longevity of a…

When toxic molecules enter, mature T‐cells, memory T‐cells, and B‐cells are activated by the infected body cells. At the same time, more T‐helper cells are activated by the antigens presented on the macrophage. Next, B‐cells secrete antibodies to inactivate the toxic molecules by attaching and binding to them. They are then killed by the Cytotoxic T‐cells. Some of the B‐cells and T‐cells remain and transform into memory cells so that B‐cells can turn…

Wound assessment and management Initial assessment of patient - The antibiotics patient is having for her chest infection. Anti-inflammatory drugs reduce the inflammatory response which necessary to prepare wound bed for granulations and affect the function of normal cells. - A right stroke which leads to the blood supply of lower limb not circulates. - Obesity. Excessive fat accumulation is one of the factors that make pressure injury become more serious and it decreases tissue perfusion. -…

1. What clinical findings are likely in R.S. as a consequence of his COPD B? There are multiple types of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), COPD “characterized by chronic and recurrent obstruction of airflow in the pulmonary airways (Porth & Matfin, 2009). The recurrent obstruction makes it difficult for a person to breath overtime this problem occurs in the lower respiratory tract. COPD compromises the flow of air in the lungs this causes less oxygen that is being circulated…

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is named after the French neurologist Guillaume Benjamin Amand Duchenne who first described the disease. It is one of nine types of muscular dystrophy. Muscular dystrophy is characterized by progressive muscle degeneration (Muscular Dystrophy Association). Muscle weakness appears in early childhood and progressively worsens; children with DMD are generally wheel-chair dependent by adolescence. Along with the DMD affecting the skeletal system, the cardiac muscles…

Abstract Objective – This case study seeks to explore the current literature recommendations regarding treatment modalities of sarcoidosis induced heart block. Context – Sarcoidosis is a chronic, inflammatory disease that may affect any organ system. Symptoms tend to be vague and include fatigue, lethargy, weight loss, shortness of breath, a dry and hacking cough, blurry vision, dry eyes, arthritis, and cutaneous manifestations. Though this disease may affect any organ system of body, it most…

F214 Communication, Homeostasis and Energy Module 2 Excretion 4.2.1 Excretion a. Define the term excretion Excretion-The removal of metabolic waste from the body which are by products or unwanted substances from cell processes. b. Explain the importance of removing metabolic wastes, including carbon dioxide and nitrogenous waste from the body Carbon dioxide Excess carbon dioxide is toxic and has three main effects: The majority of carbon dioxide is carried in the blood as…

Americans are constantly bombarded with the guilt of having high cholesterol, without really understanding what cholesterol even is. Cholesterol is actually incredibly important in keeping the body functioning. In fact, studies have shown that too-low cholesterol levels can cause anxiety and depression, among other issues, in both men and women. (1) High cholesterol is potentially very dangerous and can even be life-threatening. Luckily, lowering blood cholesterol levels is not as hard as one…

1. What clinical findings are likely in R.S. as a consequence of his COPD? R.S., the patient, has many diagnoses, findings like his history of coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial vascular disease, irregular ABG, chronic bronchitis- COPD, and of course that leads to the possible diagnosis of pneumonia. Therefore, this leads to a very long list of signs and symptoms. The signs and symptoms of COPD type B, which is classified as a “blue bloater” (Copstead, & Banasik, 2010, pg. 483), is…