Macrophage

CRP was identified from patients with acute pneumococcal pneumonia at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research (Tillett and Francis, 1930), a name that reflects its reaction with the C-polysaccharide of Pneumococcus. This pentameric protein with MW 118 kDa has five non-covalently bonded and non-glycosylated identical subunits of 206 amino acids each to form a disk-shaped pentagon (Fig. 1). CRP has been proven as an early indicator of infectious or inflammatory conditions as well as a…

grief, had more reduced immune responsiveness than individuals with significantly lower grief levels. In this assessment, it was reported that during the initial weeks of bereavement the participants had increased circulation of neutrophils and macrophages, but no changes to lymphocyte and natural killer cells (Buckley et al., 2012). Furthermore, subsequent assessments reported that in the following months, participant’s lymphocyte and natural killer cell function was decreased, which caused…

Edible vaccines Abstract Vaccines are widely used in the whole word. The death rate caused by the infectious organisms has been greatly reduced by the use of vaccines. However traditional vaccines have side-effects. Recently a newer approach to overcome the problems of the traditional vaccines has emerged. Edible vaccines can be better alternatives to the traditional vaccines as they can solve all the problems associated with traditional vaccines. For the production of edible vaccines gene of…

Plants have major role in changing the life of human civilization both for health as well as quality life from ancient times. Since inception of knowledge about the usefulness, out of 258,650 species of higher plants 10% are considered to be useful for curing the diseases. (Shinwari 2010). From the human civilization different systems of treatments like Ayurveda, Unani, Naturopathy, Sidha, Homeopathy and many more have been devised ; but the source almost remain same i.e., medicinal plants for…

The first type of Burkitt lymphoma to arise was endemic. This type has a large presence in underdeveloped countries such as central Africa and Papua New Guinea. This lymphoma was first discovered by British surgeon Denis Parsons Burkitt, which is where its name comes from (Gera, Saah, & Scott-Emuakpor, 2012, para. 2). He studied tumors in jaws of young children in African regions and found them to be caused by this unique type of lymphoma. It was in 1961 after more extensive research that he…

PATH2201 Processes in Disease Media Assignment – Can Probiotics Aid in the Treatment of Coeliac Disease? Elissa Jennifer Watt (z3463000) 21/09/14 Tutor: Melanie Walker Introduction Advances in medical diagnosis and screening have revealed that coeliac disease (CD) is a major health issue across the world, affecting all ages. In Australia, the rate of CD was previously estimated to be around 0.4% (Hovell, et al., 2001). More recent estimates suggest that around 1.2% in men and 1.9% in…

injection due to chronic hypomagnesemia, and vitamin D3 by oral capsule once a day to help manage osteopenia. According to Aranow, vitamin D not only plays a role in bone homeostasis but has been found to support the function of lymphocytes and macrophages (Aranow, 2011). A deficiency in vitamin D increases the risk of autoimmune disorders and infections (Aranow, 2011). Bharath and Hsia have reported vitamin B12 is necessary for normal hematopoiesis (Bharath & Hsia, 2015). Magnesium is a…

mediators released into the skin, follicular hyperkeratinization with subsequent plugging of the follicle, excessive sebum production, and P. acnes follicular colonization1. During an inflammatory response, cytokines produce CD4+ T cells and macrophages are activating local endothelial cells to up-regulate inflammatory mediators in the vessels around…

The role of the circadian clock in Imiquimod-induced skin inflammation Introduction The circadian rhythm is a biological system that allows organisms to synchronize their activities to the coming and going of light in their external environment. All living organisms contain this biological clock that helps coordinate physiological activities, such as eating, sleeping, and reproducing, to promote survival. In mammals, the principal regulator of the circadian clock is a group of nerve cells known…

Autoimmune diseases affect about 50 million of the American population according to the American Autoimmune Statistics. Autoimmune occurs when the immune system can not detect the difference between self and nonself. The human immune system protects the body from foreign virus’ and sends antibodies to kill the unknown virus or intruders. This disease then causes the body to produce antibodies that will attack against the body’s healthy cells. It proceeds to attack itself and it’s healthy body…