an extra sixty to ninety minutes per night (Huffington Post). When we are stressed, we may have difficulty sleeping at night, but we have to do our best to get at least eight hours of sleep each night. Lack of sleep, on the other hand, lowers our immunity and makes us more susceptible to physical illness. It is a stressor, which in turn can leave us vulnerable to other stressors (Bodger). Not only is…
Meditation is a viable treatment option for patients seeking to enhance their physical well-being. This paper will provide a theoretical framework on this topic before making its own argument. Everyone should seek to benefit their physical well-being because the majority of individuals are not as healthy as they would hope to be and our physical well-beings are of utmost importance. One approach that a multitude of individuals have utilized to enhance their physical well-being is meditation.…
Innate immunity is something already present in the body. Adaptive immunity is created in response to exposure to a foreign substance. Specificity Non-Specific Specific Response Fights any foreign invader and rapid Fight only specific infection and slow(1-2 wks) Potency Limited and Lower potency High potency Time span Once activated against a specific type of antigen, the immunity remains throughout the life. The span of developed immunity can be lifelong or short. Inheritance inherited from…
When you get sick your body creates special proteins called antibodies to fight the infection and the antibodies keep you from getting sick again. Newborn babies are already protected against several disease because antibodies have passed into them from their mothers via the placenta. This is called "passive immunity” and Passive immunity only lasts for a few weeks or months(5). How Vaccines are made? 1.Generate antigens “The growth and harvesting of the pathogen itself or generation of…
Were you vaccinated as a child? If you have children, did you choose to vaccinate them? If yes, why? Although it sounds like a very easy question to answer but because of misinformation about vaccinations many people are no longer staying up to date on them or are choosing to opt out completely for themselves and their children. Understanding the way the immune system works to cause immunity to certain diseases is crucial in understanding how and why vaccinations work. Active, natural immunity…
Vaccination is the process of injecting antigenic material to stimulate immune response. Conventional vaccines insert attenuated or killed infectious agent, such as virus or antigenic protein, into the body to stimulate immune system to develop immunity against the pathogen. However, this type of vaccines has some weakness. For example, attenuated virus may suddenly become very active in the body and cause disease instead of stimulating immune response. Conventional vaccines also unable to…
Unit 6 DB 2 Qualified Immunity The Messerschmidt v. Millender (2012) case was very interesting, because it discussed qualified immunity, and if certain government officials are protected under this doctrine from legal responsibility for “civil damages insofar as their conduct does not violate obviously established” (“Messerschmidt v. Millender”, 2012, p. 8), constitutional or statutory rights of which a reasonable person would have known. So, what is qualified immunity? This learner believes…
protein and DNA damage will accumulate, which eventually causes the dead of many cells, especially central nervous cells (1)(3)(4). The inability to repair DNA breakage also affects the recombination process of T-cell receptors and Ig genes, which then results in the abnormal humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Symptoms Individuals…
This type of defense is stimulated upon primary exposure to a pathogen or one of its products. It is the first line of defense for the immune system that contains no specific immune response to a particular pathogen. This immunity relies heavily on phagocytic cells such as neutrophils, basophils and macrophages that recognize pathogens and immediately act to destroy the foreign material. The second line of defense is known as adaptive immunity. This form of immunity is antigen-specific because…
We demonstrated that both MmuPV1 E6 and E7 are oncogenic in vitro and in vivo (Preliminary Data). We have also constructed several MmuPV1 mutants (E3ATGko, L1ATGko, L2ATGko and L1+L2ATGKo, E6 and E7 codon modified genomes) that showed different phenotypes in vivo (manuscripts in preparation). In addition, we have developed an in vitro assay system to quantitate viral infectivity and neutralizing activity. Although we cannot test vaccines in the nude mice, we can test passive immunization (both…