Humoral immunity

Immunity! To start with a personal experience, I have a brother who is almost two years old, Cullen. My family put Cullen in a school that also was a day care for babies. Cullen being around lots of sick babies ultimately got sick too all the time. Thinking about it having him exposed to those germs and bacteria will in the end build a strong immune system for him. So, immunity refers to resistance to disease. The innate defense system and the adaptive defense system. The innate defense system is when you are born with it you just have it. And adaptive means you get it later. The innate system has surface barriers, and mucous membranes that will trap pathogens. Basically, nothing particularly different these are just what you are born with. The process of inflammation, the increase of blood flow to the cite of the infection which…

Active Immunity Active immunity is acquired by the production of antibodies (humoral) against antigens, presented by pathogens. This can be categorised as either natural or acquired. The mode of natural methods was by direct contact with the pathogen and enduring the infection, leading to the antibody production by the immune system. This mode of immunity usually takes few days or weeks for initial response however lasts a lifelong. Along with antibody production, a memory of a portion of the…

Immunity can be defined as the “ability to fight off diseases” (MPITB, 2014). An innate immunity means defenses against any pathogen. Adaptive immunity means there’s resistance to a specific pathogen. Innate immunity is also known as nonspecific immunity. It uses the body’s own immune system for defense. Skin that is unbroken or intact is the body’s first line of defense against pathogens. The body’s own natural microbiota or flora is a secondary defense system. Our body’s second line of…

with a greater magnitude and production of antibodies. Active immunity develops in the human body naturally in response to infections. However, active immunity can also be developed artificially through immunizations. Immunizations cause an immune response to a nonpathogenic form of a microbe and results in an immune memory for that specific response. Passive immunity occurs when antibodies are passed from a mother to the fetus and infant. For example, certain antibodies are passed to the…

The immune system in the human body protects people from infections, diseases, and other foreign substances from causing harm to the body with our first line of defense being our skin. Unfortunately, there are people negatively affected by disorders of the immune system either by environmental factors or genetics. There are immunodeficiencies where the body has the inability to defend against attacks. There is also autoimmunity, which is an overreaction of the immune system. A variety of…

Ca2+ fluxes signal leukocyte recruitment to the lung and facilitate transepithelial migration into the airway lumen. Airway epithelial cells are situated well to play a crucial role in host response by providing a physical and an immunological barrier to inhaled pathogens. This physical barrier mediated by epithelial cell-to-cell junctions inhibits pathogens from invading, and the immunological barrier is attained through epithelial cell recognition of bacteria and swift signaling to recruit…

The job of the human body’s immune system is to fight against infection by detecting and destroying foreign bacteria and viruses, usually to much success. However, the immune system isn’t perfect, and can make mistakes. Sometimes, the immune system confuses a friendly part of the body for a pathogen, and begins attacking its own cells (Petrov, 2011). When these events occur, the body has contracted what is known as an autoimmune disorder. Autoimmune disorders have been rapidly growing problems…

A. Bio-reactions I’ve experienced all of the bio-reactions at various times during my life. When I was 15 years old, I got into trouble with some friends. This was a time that I experienced the “freeze” bio-reaction and I stopped interacting with anyone. I have always experienced the “flight” reaction when I encounter clowns and will avoid being near one. Currently, I sometimes experience the “fight” reaction when I think about returning to school. A1. Bio-Reaction Experienced When I was…

Within each of us, there is an immune system that works hard to keep us healthy and devoid of disease and infection. Composed of white blood cells, the immune system functions to identify and destroy foreign substances, known as pathogens or antigens. In the case of an autoimmune disease such as systemic lupus erythematosus, abbreviated SLE, the immune system does not function as it should. Instead of attacking and destroying foreign invaders, the immune system reacts to the body’s own healthy…

When people envision their immune system, they picture an army inside their body fighting off harmful diseases to protect you. One does not imagine the immune system attacking your own body the thing it is meant to protect. Unfortunately, when this happens it causes your body to break down as your central nervous system (CNS) begins to degenerate over time. This ill-fated reality is the result of the chronic disease Multiple sclerosis (MS). Which is an autoimmune disease that causes irreversible…