White blood cell

experiments on white blood cells showed that the nuclein dissolved in weak alkalies but not in water and acids. Later studies demonstrated that all living organisms have DNA and that any kinds of cell such as hair, skin, or plant cells all have DNA. Plenty of research and experimentation went into solving the structure of DNA and the invention of paper chromatography allowed Erwin Chargaff (1905-2002) to make a contribution in establishing the structure of DNA and how it transmitted genetic information. In 1950 he used paper chromatography to separate organic bases and measure the amount of each base in order to determine the ratio of the bases adenine-thymine (A-T) and cytosine-guanine (C-G) in DNA were constant and equal. This would in turn allow Watson and Crick to recognize base pairings and disproved the previous tetranucleotide model. Further studies on DNA were conducted using X-rays, discovered in 1895 by Wilhelm Rontgen (1845-1923), by both Maurice Wilkins…

CELLS The immune system is a complex network of cells and chemicals. It's mission is to protect us against foreign organisms and substances. The cells in the immune system have the ability to recognize something as either "self" or "invader" and they try to get rid of anything that is an invader many different kind of cells , and hundreds of different chemicals , must be coordinated for the immune system to function smoothly. Recent scientific advances in human stem cell research have…

under the larger umbrella term blood cancer. Some people are also under the impression (wrongly) that all blood cancers are called leukaemias. But the fact is leukaemia, lymphoma and myeloma are different sorts of cancers, all affecting different types of cells in the blood. It is what makes the similar, yet different. Stem cells in the bone marrow develop into three types of blood cells as they mature: red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets. In most blood cancers, the normal blood…

was first discovered around the 1960s and 1970s, however it was only the concept of the experiment. In 1970, Stanfield Roger proposed an idea that defective DNA could be replaced with “good DNA”. This was later cited by Theodore Friedmann and Richard Roblin in their paper called “Gene therapy for human genetic diseases” created in 1972 (Robertson, 2010). In 1990, the gene therapy process was finally used to help treat a patient. The very first person to have gene therapy performed on them was a…

The lymph system is a tubular structure branching out to all the parts of the body and is vital to fight infections. Lymph is a colorless fluid that contains white blood cells (lymphocytes) and is carried by the lymph system. There are various types of lymphoma cancers and hence, answering a question, how to diagnose and treat lymphoma is a great challenge. The most common type of lymphoma and the term that is used interchangeably is Hodgkins disease and the rest of the types are known as…

untreated, then it can become fatal in as little as a few months. This type of leukemia affects, particularly, the bone marrow. It begins in the white blood cells located there, called leukocytes. Although it is primarily in the bone marrow, it does have the ability to travel through the body to different regions. Incidence of Occurrence: There are approximately 6,000 new cases diagnosed annually. Of these cases, it is split almost evenly between male and female victims. Out of the known cases…

astonishing exclamation that “more than half of terminally ill blood cancer patients experienced complete remission in early clinical trials” in the article’s subtitle just seemed to heighten my interest even further. However, this not the only reason that drew me to choose this article. Many members of my family have fought and are fighting cancer and although for some it is too late, any promising research excites me. Being the -second leading cause of death in the United States, there is no…

feline panleukopenia virus. Also, the canine parvovirus closely resembled the human parvovirus. Because it spread worldwide, it caused an epidemic. That epidemic and the frequent outbreaks that happen are both easily controlled by the treatments of the virus. The virus has two important structures which are, an icosahedral shape, and single stranded DNA that is covered by a viral capsid instead of a viral envelope that allows is to enter it a cell through endocytosis. The Canine parvovirus…

this disease. (Multiple Sclerosis International Federation 2014).The Immune System The Immune System is the Human Bodies’ defence mechanism. It prevents microbes, viruses, infections from harming the body. This system encompasses of organs, tissues as well as proteins. The Immune System depends on the use and work of White blood cells. White blood cells are broken down into two types; Phagocytes and Lymphocytes. These blood cells develop in the bone marrow and its main aim is to assist in…

According to Canadian institute of health information “Advance care planning or advance directives are associated with better patient experience and lower costs for the health system (2016, p.11). Health care providers hold the accountability to educate and inform the patient to scrutinize treatment options and to help them to make preferences by “engaging patient and families to reflect on their values, understand their disease process and progression, and develop a palliative care plan”…