Humoral immunity

The exposure that the Spanish had to animals not only benefited them with work and a sustainable source of food, but they also developed immunity to a deadly disease known as smallpox. The Spaniard’s exposure to the smallpox disease, which was due to the proximity their society had to domesticated animals, allowed them to unknowingly use that disease to decimate the entire Incan society. When the exposure of the two societies are compared, the Incas had almost no exposure to domesticated animals…

vaccinations many people are no longer staying up to date on them or are choosing to opt out completely for themselves and their children. Understanding the way the immune system works to cause immunity to certain diseases is crucial in understanding how and why vaccinations work. Active, natural immunity occurs when a foreign invader, such as a specific organism that can cause the flu, chicken pox, measles, and other diseases enter the human body causing the immune system to begin producing…

administrated to pregnant animals. There are many disadvantages of killed BVDV vaccines, it is more expensive due to large amounts of virus are required for preparation of each dose and adjuvant should be added to the vaccine. In addition, the duration of immunity is shorter and there are requirement for injection two doses to initiate protection (Fulton 2005). The killed vaccines could be administered to pregnant cows to decrease the incidence of abortion by injection of two doses about two to…

fight the infection and the antibodies keep you from getting sick again. Newborn babies are already protected against several disease because antibodies have passed into them from their mothers via the placenta. This is called "passive immunity” and Passive immunity only lasts for a few weeks or months(5). How Vaccines are made? 1.Generate antigens “The growth and harvesting of the pathogen itself or generation of recombinant protein. The bacterial pathogens are then grown in using a goeth…

Vaccination is the process of injecting antigenic material to stimulate immune response. Conventional vaccines insert attenuated or killed infectious agent, such as virus or antigenic protein, into the body to stimulate immune system to develop immunity against the pathogen. However, this type of vaccines has some weakness. For example, attenuated virus may suddenly become very active in the body and cause disease instead of stimulating immune response. Conventional vaccines also unable to…

Smallpox Smallpoxes has been known by generations, it was mostly confined to Europe. This illness causes flu like symptoms at first then proceeds to form pustules on the victims body. These pustules spread throughout the body, depending on how bad you had it. People would mostly die form a secondary infection, caused when the pustules scabbed and then fell off, leaving deep tissue exposed. If you survived the illness you wouldn’t be about to contract the illness again, because, you build up the…

that is used for the stimulation of antibodies to create immunity against illnesses and diseases, it is made from the causing agent of that certain disease and produced as a synthetic substance which prevents serious diseases such as influenza, hepatitis, smallpox, tuberculosis, or measles. By injecting the weakened version of the infection into the human body that releases antibodies to act against whichever disease it finds, and causes immunity to grow. Now many people support and contribute…

Vaccines are a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease. Vaccination may be required for those hired for a job and attending school. Vaccines rarely prevent or contribute to prevent diseases. The vaccines are mad from dead or inactive organisms or purified products borrowed from them. The healthy immune system is able to recognize invading bacteria and viruses and produce substances (antibodies) to destroy or disable them. The micro-organisms in the…

Unit 6 DB 2 Qualified Immunity The Messerschmidt v. Millender (2012) case was very interesting, because it discussed qualified immunity, and if certain government officials are protected under this doctrine from legal responsibility for “civil damages insofar as their conduct does not violate obviously established” (“Messerschmidt v. Millender”, 2012, p. 8), constitutional or statutory rights of which a reasonable person would have known. So, what is qualified immunity? This learner believes…

known to be immune. The term used to describe an immune individual is referred to as immunity. The primary function of immunity is to become resistant to certain infectious diseases. There are two major immune systems that distinguishes foreign substances. Humoral immunity is a group that consists of antigens that freely circulating in the body. Antigens are foreign substances that include viruses. Humoral immunity involves B cells that recognize antigens or pathogens. Antigens can also…