Branched-chain amino acids

As briefly mentioned before, atropine acts as an antagonist on acetylcholine because its chemical structure is similar to acetylcholine. Thus, structure is an important feature of the atropine molecule that is imperative to understanding its effects on the body. Although today’s chemists know the chemical structure of atropine, the conformational flexibility of the molecule is still poorly understood. A conformation is any three-dimensional arrangement of atoms within a molecule that results…

proton exclusion mechanism and is caused by the NPA region. The macro dipoles of both of the half-helices made from the B and E loops focus an electrostatic potential that is positive, which appears to be crucial for the exclusion of protons. The water chain is in a bi-directional manner and at every half point the hydrogens located away from the center prevent the formation of dipole moments, causing a disruption within the proton wire.…

2014 Lysyl-tRNA Synthetase Lysyl-tRNA Synthetase has a couple known names, one of them being aminocyl tRNA. The major role of this protein is translation during protein synthesis. For a protein to be classified and placed into an amino acid group, its amino acid sequence must be properly translated. Transfer RNA helps translate the protein which helps with genetics. Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases are the enzymes that are responsible for the specific aminoacylation of tRNA (Yifat, 2013). Let’s…

High protein intake is necessary for any wound healing. It is used for cell multiplication, collagen and connective tissue formation, and it increases enzyme activity. All essential amino acids are needed for protein synthesis. The AHRQ recommends 1.25-1.5 grams per kilogram depending on the stage of pressure ulcer. All aspects of wound healing are delayed under conditions of protein deficiency, so we really need to estimate protein requirements…

the body’s main source of energy for healing and for cell repair and for proper brain function. Some fat is also essential in every diet. Typically, the recommend amount of total fat is 30%. Unsaturated fat such as omega -3 fatty or omega – 6 fatty acids is encouraged instead of saturated fat. We do, however, need to monitor blood glucose levels since elevated blood glucose make wound healing more difficult. When glucose levels remain high over time, wounds may…

It is well known that all organisms require at least some water to survive, even the most hardy creature on the planet earth, the tardigrade, Hypsibius dujardini, which can survive near complete dehydration, exposure to extreme radiation, vacuum, temperature and pressure, must be rejuvenated with water if it is to resume life after near complete desiccation (Gabriel, et al. 2007). H. dujardini, famous for surviving some of the harshest conditions of any organism we know of, is a perfect example…

body. Deoxyribonucleic acid contains the blueprint for proteins and replication of itself mRNA transcribes DNA, tRNA translates mRNA into proteins. A pattern on nucleotide on a DNA strand is called a gene. The Central Dogma of molecular biology is: DNA codes for RNA which codes. for proteins Not all genes are expressed for the production of proteins, some have other tasks like making RNA. Some proteins are structural. Some proteins are made of hundreds or thousands of amino…

bonded sequences of amino acids and this happens through dehydration synthesis where complex molecules are broken down to simple components. Secondary structure happens within the protein and can repeat multiple times and this happens from the folds by the Hydrogen bonds. Finally, you reach tertiary structure where the final 3-dimensional shape is shown by the complete polypeptide chain. This is also where the R group interactions take place and with Huntington’s, the amino acid glutamine is…

Discussion: The specific purpose for this study was to see how enzyme activity would change as there was a change in temperature and pH. Both temperature and pH were hypothesized to have an affect on enzyme activity. Each had an optimal temperature. At this point, the rate of enzyme activity would stop increasing and begin to decrease. For temperature, it was hypothesized that the optimal temperature would be 48°C. For pH, it was hypothesized that the optimal pH would be 7. As temperature was…

S.aureus can be sensitized to B-lactams by preventing WTA biosynthesis through inactivation of TarO, which catalyses the first step of the WTA pathway(Maki,Campbell). This identified WTA biosynthesis as an attractive target for novel strategies to treat MRSA. WTAs are structurally diverse anionic polymers covalently attached to PG(Vollmer,Swoboda) and in S.aureus consist of a polyribitol-phosphate backbone of 11-40 repeating units(Xia10) decorated with three tailoring modifications:…