Branched-chain amino acids

Similarly, as the protein is a polypeptide chain, it is, in principle, possible to form a knot. However, most proteins favor simple topology as they need to fold efficiently…

Botulinum Toxin is categorized as a neurotoxin. Having a fatal dose of merely one to two micrograms it is considered one of the most lethal neurological agents known. The toxin is a microbial product synthesized by an anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming bacteria Clostridium botulinum whose natural habitat is soil (Qiagen). There are seven antigenically distinguishable exotoxins differentiated by the use of the prefix BoNT followed by the letters A-G. Although each has a slightly different…

MIMICS OF DIPHOSPHATES Phosphate group: Phosphate is an inorganic salt of phosphoric acid or organophosphate is an ester of phosphoric acid. Organophosphate are important in ecology and biochemistry. Inorganic phosphates are used in industry and agriculture. Phosphates can condense to form pyrophosphates, at elevated temperature in solid state. Structure and chemical properties of phosphate group: The polyatomic phosphate ion consist of one phosphorous atom surrounded by four oxygen atom…

Literature review Polymerisation of Cyclo pentene, Cyclo hexanes, Substituted Cyclo pentene and Cyclo hexanes using different catalyst Introduction:- Polymer is a word which is derived from Greek words “poly” which means many and “mer” which means parts. Polymers are substances which have large number of repeating structural units repeated in the same type of linkage. The chemistry that deals about polymers is called polymer chemistry and the reaction is called as polymerization. Polymer…

PROTEIN STRUCTURE Proteins are polymers which is set up by 19 different α-amino acids and one imino acid (Proline) linked by amida bond or peptide bond. A protein usually contain amino acid residues, covalently linked, which spontaneously form a three-dimensional structure, based on the self-recognition of its respective sequence. Covalent bonds (peptide and disulfide), hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic interactions, and weak, nonspecific attractive and repulsive forces are…

Figure 2. The proteomic organization of three subfamilies of Smads (Co-Smad, R-Smad and I-Smad) and organization of a Smad MH1 domain with DNA. (A) All Smads information taken from PDB entry Smad>UniProt Gene list of Smads. The conserved N-terminal MH1 domain is in red, linker region in dark blue and the C-terminal MH2 domain in deep yellow. In the linker region the red PXS/TP (or S/TP) indicates the potential phosphorylation site for MAPKs ERK1/2, and the square indicates the PY…

C5-curcuminoid-4-aminoquinoline based molecular hybrids: Design, synthesis and mechanistic investigation of anticancer activity Shamseer Kulangara Kandi,a Sunny Manohar,a Christian E. Vélez Gerena,bBeatriz Zayas,b Sanjay V.Malhotrac* and Diwan S. Rawata* Received (in XXX, XXX) XthXXXXXXXXX 20XX, Accepted Xth XXXXXXXXX 20XX DOI: 10.1039/b000000x Abstract: Theprivileged scaffolds of curcumin and 4-aminoquinolines are extensively used in the design and synthesis of biodynamic agents having…

transportation of the fatty acids (Bhattacharya, Grune & Curry, 2000, p.721). HSA promotes the transportation capacity of plasma because it is currently at around 0.6Mm enabling it to carry more than six molecules of fatty acid. In addition, the HSA binds and agitates the pharmacokinetics of various drugs compounds. The HSA-fatty acid has two drug-binding sites, which are the sub-domains IIA and IIIA. The fatty acid IIIA coincides with the high affinity of the long-chain fatty acid binding site.…

interaction plays an important role in functioning of body’s significant mechanism such as replication, transcription, translation, signal transduction, cell cycle, etc. Thus, proteins clusters together in a network map linking together various amino acids by peptide bond forming a three-dimensional structure. The entire map showing events of protein interactions that can occur in a living organism is called the interactome…

Introduction: Enzymes play a major role in biological systems to catalyze and control different reactions. The study of enzymes’ behaviors toward substrates and products is significant to understand various enzyme catalyzed reactions in living organisms. One of the most important enzymatic group is cytochrome P450 (CYP450) which contribute to the metabolism of many endogenous as well as exogenous substances such as drugs. Although there are several subtypes of CYP450 family, CYP450 1A1 is going…