Collagen

is similar, although keloids grow beyond wound margins. KELOIDS Keloids represent a pathological response to cutaneous injury resulting in disfiguring scars with no known satisfactory treatment (Figure 1). Skin injuries such as burns, inflammation, surgery or minor trauma,insect bite induce an overabundant ECM deposition, especially collagen41. Even the spontaneous development of keloids has been discussed 42 but may be the result of a minor, overlooked trauma. Pathophysiology of keloid A characteristic hallmark of keloids is excessive accumulation of collagen, primarily types I and VI, associated with deposition of other extracellular matrix components, such as fibronectin (Abergel et al., 1985; Peltonen et al., 1991). Collagen accumulation could result either from increased biosynthesis or decreased degradation, and currently a number of modulator molecules interfering with both synthetic and degradative pathways of collagen metabolism in fibroblasts have been recognized (Mauviel and Uitto,…

dominate mutation in a gene coding for type 1 collagen. Types VII and VIII, are recessive and the gene mutation has been identified, while types…

tendinopathy in adults? Tendinopathy is known as an overuse injury and often linked to patients who participate in sports which involve repetitive running and jumping, however one third of all patients live a non-active life style (Habets et al., 2014). Eccentric loading, injections, shockwave therapy, modified rest and NSAID’S are all management strategies suggested over the years for the management & treatment of Achilles tendinopathy, this collection of proposed actions for treatment has…

INTRODUCTION : The concept of dentin adhesion presently used involves the nanomechanical retention which is due to polymerisation of hydrophilic monomers around acid exposed collagen fibres.1 The entanglement of these monomers within the exposed collagen fibres gives rise to the so called Hybrid layer , which is also referred as Resin infiltrated Dentin layer.2 The presence of hybrid layer is important for attainment of a leakage free interface between the cavity walls and resin composite.2…

While the structure of the collagen is normal, there is less collagen than there should be. There is little or no bone deformity, bones fracture easily, most often occurs before puberty. The effects of osteogenesis imperfecta may extend to the teeth, making them prone to cavities and cracking. The whites of the eyes may have a blue, purple, or gray tint. (sclera) Hearing loss, often begins in 20’s or 30’s. Triangular face. They have few obvious signs of this…

found in tendons, ligaments, dermis, and many capsules that surround our organs. The extracellular matrix is mostly made up of collagen fibers and depending on the direction these fibers are running the matrix can be categorized as dense regular or dense irregular. In dense regular collagenous connective tissue the collagen fibers run in the same parallel direction. Which helps tendons to attach muscle to the bone and ligaments to attach bones to other bones.…

Carbohydrate and fat are the other macro nutrients that provide calories. They play important roles in wound healing. Carbohydrates break down into glucose, the major fuel for collagen synthesis. Carbohydrate will still make up 50-60% of the diet. This is important since glucose is the body’s main source of energy for healing and for cell repair and for proper brain function. Some fat is also essential in every diet. Typically, the recommend amount of total fat is 30%. Unsaturated fat such as…

that break by even the slightest touch. According to an article, osteogenesis imperfecta “rare genetic disorder that in the large majority of cases is caused by mutations in genes that code for collagen type I” Brittle bones disease is a relatively rare disease affecting close to 1 in every 30,000 live births or 1 in every 60,000 live births for OI Type II. There are 4 different genes that produce the collagen needed for healthy bone development. These genes, if defective, can cause 8 variations…

IPF fibroblasts naturally express higher levels of PDGFR and FGFR than the controls. The proliferative effects of PDFG-BB and bFGF, along with VEGF, were curtailed by the drug. MMPs are endopeptidases that degrade proteins of the ECM, and TIMP are their inhibitors. As expected, treatment enhanced the expression of pro-MMP-2 protein and repressed the expression of the TIMP-2 protein. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a stimulator of collagen production and upregulates collagens in…

Calcium salts give the bone its hard texture and are shaped around the collagen fibres. What are collagen fibres? The collagen fibre allows the bones to bend under strain and stops the risk of the bones fracturing due to them being brittle. Bones are able to withstand weight; the bones protect tissues such as the heart, lungs and brain, as they are the weaker tissues. Some bones contain bone marrow whereas others the bones marrow produces blood cells that are vital for the body The bones…