Fibroblast growth factor

Some of the major factors are vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2/bFGF), Platelet-Derived growth factor-Beta (PDGF-beta), Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). These angiogenic peptides are found to be upregulated following ischemic insults to promote micro vessel formation and brain remodeling.[1] Among these numerous endogenous angiogenic regulators, VEGF is the prototypical and most studied proangiogenic mediator in stroke.[2, 3] VEGF is an endothelial cell-specific mitogen which also plays a role in the regulation of vascular permeability. VEGF executes its biological effect through two tyrosine kinase receptors, Flt-1 (VEGFr-1) and KDR (VEGFR-2).[15] It has been known to be the potent mediator of neurorestoration following stroke by promoting neurogenesis and…

Introduction The predominant disease that mutant FGFR3 (fibroblast growth factor receptor 3) gene causes is Achondroplasia. Furthermore, Achondroplasia means the absence of chondrocyte formation in bones. Additionally, the transformation of chondrocytes into bone cells is prevalent in the limbs as well as the facial bones of humans (1). Therefore, the predominant symptom of Achondroplasia is bone growth retardation and is found in the limbs as well as facial bones. The majority of people…

IPF fibroblasts naturally express higher levels of PDGFR and FGFR than the controls. The proliferative effects of PDFG-BB and bFGF, along with VEGF, were curtailed by the drug. MMPs are endopeptidases that degrade proteins of the ECM, and TIMP are their inhibitors. As expected, treatment enhanced the expression of pro-MMP-2 protein and repressed the expression of the TIMP-2 protein. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a stimulator of collagen production and upregulates collagens in…

exercise is the only weapon that can defeat it. It is important to note that even though Alzheimer’s takes your memory it also does much more than that. This type of disease can change your behavior altogether changing you into a person you may have never been before. The change in behavior is noticed among those closest to you because it is the type of change that is not noticeable to the person with Alzheimer’s. According to the article by Radak, “Exercise has the capability of significantly…

The main role of PMN is phagocytosis of bacteria and tissue debri. PMNs are also a major source of cytokines, especially tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and second population that invades the wound consist of macrophages. The function of macrophages is phagocytosis , activation and recruitment of other cells by releasing various cytokines, growth factors such as Vascular endothelial growth Factor, Insulin like Growth Factor and Epidermal Growth Factor. Macrophages regulate matrix…

This process entails transfecting the stem cell with DNA that codes for Lef-1/Tcf Wnt transcription factors that will work with added beta-catenin, c-Myc, Tap63 and GATA-3. This method can pose problems in vivo, because the recombinant DNA can result in uncontrolled growth; however, reversing the DNA back to is prior state is cannot be done in so many daughter cells. Instead, for in vivo use, human epidermal cells are proliferated in contact with fibroblasts. They can be cultured adjacent to a…

Endothelial cells can be cultured with growth factors or with other cell types to enhance capillary formation. These cells can also produce matrix metalloproteins (MMPs) which can degrade the extracellular matrix and form space for new capillaries, these cells go into these spaces and develop into capillary like formation in presence of growth factors or other cells like fibroblasts. [10] Fibroblasts control the formation of capillaries by endothelial cells, so these cells can be co-cultured in…

are synthesised by fibroblasts, provide strength and integrity for all tissues in the body and therefore play a particularly vital role in wound repair. Collagens are a key component of all phases of wound healing. Immediately after injury, exposed collagen comes into contact with blood, promoting platelet aggregation and activating chemotactic factors involved in the response to injury. Later collagen becomes the foundation of the wound ECM. Invading fibroblasts synthesise and secrete types I…

(Whited & Tabin 2009). This protein replaces a nerve. Skin wounds without a deviated nerve and wounds of denervated limbs reform a basal lamina within few days after injury. However, the basal lamina under the apical epidermal cap does not reform until the end of regeneration (Aguilar & Gardiner 2015). Humans Wounding occurs when the epidermal layer is breached. (Yeng 2011) Depending on the depth of the injury, tissues that can be exposed to air including fibroblasts, blood vessels, facial…

caused by blockage within the coronary artery, cause severe injury to cardiac muscle cells. These injured cells then become deficient and eventually die. This occurrence spurs repair and regenerative responses that extract dead cells and cellular debris and recruits immune cells to form new blood vessels. The main constituents of this repair process are fibroblasts. Fibroblasts are able to convert into cardiac endothelial cells through the activity of transcription factor p53. The human heart…