Acetic acid

The formation of benzilic acid results from the reaction of benzil with ethanol and potassium benzilate. In order to produce benzil, benzoin was reacted with nitric acid. A crude product of benzil was produced from the reaction of benzoin and nitric acid. Through the process of multi-step synthesis, benzil was produced through the oxidation of an alpha-hydroxyketone to an alpha-diketone using nitric acid. Prior to the reaction of nitric acid and benzoin, nitric acid was protonated to form an…

This disagreement was about the pigments located in the stems and veins of a plant and the pigments located in the green portion of a leaf. Jan believed that only the stems and veins contained all of the important pigments except for chlorophyll. She believed that the green portion of the leaf would not contain all these other pigments. Mark, on the other hand, believed that the same pigments were also located in the green portion even though they were not visible. In order to determine who was…

The purpose of this experiment was to ascertain an unidentified substance. The substance in question was a colorless liquid with an odor resembling acetone. To start with the Tollens’ test was conducted on the unidentified substance to differentiate between an aldehyde and a ketone. The results of the test were negative. This indicated that the substance under consideration was a ketone The next step consisted of determining the melting point of the substance, which was in the range…

Cations CHEM 1315-088  Purpose of the experiment: To identify the substances that are present in a mixture. Materials: Test Solutions and Substances 6 M hydrochloric acid, HCl Sodium bismuthate, NaBiO3 (s) 6 M nitric acid, HNO3 0.1 M potassium thiocyanate, KSCN 6 M ammonia/ammonium hydroxide, NH3 3% hydrogen peroxide, H2O2 6 M sulfuric acid, H2SO4 Sodium bismuthate, NaBiO3 (s) 6 M sodium hydroxide, NaOH Cation Solutions 0.2 M silver nitrate, AgNO3 0.5 M lead (II) nitrate, Pb(NO3)2 0.2 M…

Chromatography is a key aspect in chemistry. It allows one to separate molecules based on a variety of things. In labs 3 and 4 we looked at two of the characteristics that molecules carry that can help separate them. Lab 3 used spectrophotometry once again, but the concept that garnered the most interest was ion exchange chromatography. Ion exchange chromatography works by separating molecules based on the individual charges they carry. In our case we used anion exchange chromatography, which…

Amnion Tissue In this project, I also with amnion tissue collection, ChIP preparation and Real-time PCR technique. The aim of this work was to determine the gene activating H3K4me3 and gene repressing H3K27me3 levels and their ratios at the promoter regions of NAMPT inflammatory gene. Collection of Tissue Fetal membranes were collected from women undergoing elective cesarean section at absence of labour [not in labour (NIL), n = 5], during active labour [in labour (IL), n = 4] and preterm (n=5)…

Tara Ghaemi 9/16/16 Chao Li 232 Recrystallization of Acetanilide Introduction In this experiment, acetanilide will be purified to remove its two impurities by utilizing dissolution, hot vacuum filtration, and recrystallization. Hot vacuum filtration is performed to separate the crystal from the solution that it is present in. Hot vacuum filtration works best for this experiment because it prevents the premature crystallization of the solute, and thus lets the extracted crystal be extremely…

We are testing different watt light bulbs and how it affects how fast the chads rise. We are using 300, 200, 100 and 60 watt lights bulbs. We are timing how long it takes for the chads to rise with each different light. Photosynthesis is a chemical process through which plants, some bacteria and algae, produce glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water, using only light as a source of energy. Photosynthesis converts massive amount of Sunlight into electrical and then chemical energy. The…

In this study I observed two bananas over a 4 day period making observations each day at 3:00 pm. My first observation I used as a baseline to guide my observations. I put one banana in the fridge and the other on my desk. The temperature of each area remained constant over this period of time. I measured the color, the firmness, and the amount of brown spots on each banana. To describe firmness, I used a chart that I created that measures firm to mushy. The scale went from one to five where one…

moles of reactants were calculated (Part A). Part B of the calculations illustrates the amount of aspirin produced by each reactant based on 1:1 mole ratio defined by the balanced equation of the reaction. According to these calculations, salicylic acid is the limiting reagent because it produces the least amount of aspirin. Thus, the limiting reagent, if fully consumed, dictates the theoretical…