Suppressor

the tumor suppressor gene would slow down or stop the cycle to repair it, if it isn’t repairable then it would kill the cell. In a cancerous cell, during G1 it would do the same thing, however the tumor suppressor gene would be broken and can’t stop the cell cycle to repair the bad cell, therefore letting the cell continue…

drunk as ever when a man in all black bursted through the house window and pulled out a handgun with a suppressor dangling on the end of it. “Wait a minute” said the drunk man ”let me say one-” That was it. The man in all black had pulled the trigger and vanished. No one had heard the shot because of the suppressor on the pistol. The question was, why did the murderer bother to screw a suppressor on the pistol when he had a such loud break-in with the sound of glass shattering? It was the next…

cells undergo unrestricted growth tumors arise. Many genes controlling the cell cycle are also tumor suppressors that stimulate proliferation. Tumor viruses cause tumors to inhibit cell cycle inhibitor genes. The probability of the formation of tumor increases when a tumor suppressor gene mutates. Knudson’s Two-Hit Model proposes that it requires two mutations to lose the function of a tumor suppressor. However, haploinsufficiency is an exception. Mutations in DNA repair genes may be direct…

DNA that results in a cancer-causing mutation occurs where there is activation of proto-oncogenes to oncogenes, or inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes (TSGs). Proto-oncogenes control cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, an oncogene is a mutated form of this gene which triggers proliferative activity and leads to tumor formation. Tumor suppressor genes monitor and correct malignant change, therefore their loss is a significant step in the development of cancer (Casey,…

Cancer is a group of diseases which involves defects in the cellular control mechanism. The growth of multicellular organisms occurs due to the reproduction of cells. This happens as the existing cells divide by mitosis to form new cells which is a process that is regulated by some factors in our body. Sometimes, due to reasons such as spontaneous mutations, an irregular and uncontrollable cell growth occurs, forming malignant tumours. Besides, these cells have a characteristic of possessing an…

familial pre-disposition, which appear to be linked to an inherited mutation in suppressor genes such as the p53 gene. According to the American Cancer society, tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that slow down cell division, repair DNA, and mark cells for cell death.2 When these genes are mutated, cell growth is no longer regulated, leading to the possibility of developing cancer. Inherited abnormalities of tumor suppressor genes have been found in some family cancer syndromes and cause…

BRCA2 is a gene that provides instructions for a protein that acts as a tumor suppressor. The tumor suppressor prevents cells from growing and dividing too quickly. If there is a problem or mutation with this gene it will not work as effectively and would allow cells to produce a tumor. The BRCA2 protein helps to repair damaged DNA. It works by combining with other proteins to fix breaks that may occur in other cells. The official name of BRCA2 is breast cancer 2 – early onset. This is due to…

subunit and promotes RNA translation (Davis et al., 2014). This suggest that AKT activation enables cell proliferation by inducing increased protein translation and cell growth. The activated AKT pathway also promotes phosphorylation of the tumor suppressor FOXO that results in increased FOXO ubiquination and subsequently the degradation of FOXO via proteasomes (Ruscetti and Wu 2013). This suggests that AKT prevents FOXO from inhibiting cell…

To understand better the cycle of a cancer and a normal cell, we can start looking on this graph below: As we can see, a cell spends most of the the time on interphase during cell cycle. Interphase is divided in 3 parts, which are G1, S phase and G2. G1- cell grows S phase- cell synthesizes DNA G2- cell prepares to divide During G1 both normal and cancer cells grow, but in a cancer cell the cell just keeps growing ignoring the signals that tell them to stop. In S phase, or…

Functions of protein TP53 TP53 has a general name called tumor suppressor protein p53. Tp53 has many names such as phosphoprotein p53, cellular tumor antigen p53, tumor suppressor p53, antigen NY-CO-13, or transformation-related protein 53 (TRP53). Also, TP53 has also been referred to as the guardian of the genome [19]. In 1979, scientists first observed the gene by using SDS-PAGE and found it has a size of about 53-kilodalton (kDa). The location of the TP53 gene is at chromosome 17, at…