Suppressor

biologic properties (clonal cell growth and invasive ability). The cancer research revolution has also demonstrated that all cancers are genetic and share common molecular pathogeneses. All cancers are the result of mutation in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Each specific cancer occurs through mutations in specific genes. (Ruth Van Gerpen)…

nearby tissues. Through the immune system and blood stream, the invasive cancer spread to other parts of the body (Komen, 2015). Role does the BRCA1 gene. According to Mandal (2013), the BRCA1 gene (breast cancer 1, early onset) acts as a tumor suppressor by preventing abnormal proliferation and alteration of cells. This is achieved by progressive repairing of the deoxyribonucleic acid DNA to ensure stability of genetic material in cells. It also plays a role in DNA transcription by modifying…

cancerization, which is the same consecutive genetic and morphologic changes that form an aggressive tumor. Not having oxygen flow can make it very hard for a person to breathe and may cause their body and brain not to function correctly. Tumor suppressor genes are destructive growth regulators that turn off cellular multiplying to the normal cells by repairing DNA or introducing apoptosis. Apoptosis is the cell’s suicidal functions that destroys the cell…

have demonstrated that the human HDM2 promoter is a target of the MEF transcriptional factor and the overexpression of MEF led to an increase in the Mdm2 protein (mice version of the human Hdm2), which in turn decreased the expression of the tumor-suppressor, p53, thereby augmenting transformation that may lead to leukemogenesis. Furthermore, the mutation commonly found in leukemia patients resulted in the delocalization of the NPM1 protein from the nucleolus to the…

More than 40,00 women in the United States are expected to die from breast cancer in 2015. Death rates for breast cancer are higher than any other cancer, besides lung cancer for women in the United States. In addition, American women are most commonly diagnosed with breast cancer over any other cancer with the exception of skin cancer. In fact, 1 in 8 women in the United States will be diagnosed with invasive breast cancer at some point in their lifetime. Breast cancer is the number one…

Crohn’s disease is a form of inflammatory bowl disease also known as IBD that affects the lining of the digestive tract. Symptoms of this disease vary between people depending on where it occurs in the bowel, and the severity of the inflammation. Typically, the signs and symptoms will be chronic diarrhea that contains pus, blood, or mucus, weight loss, fever, gastralgia (stomach pain), cramping, and rectal bleeding. It is not known how one gets crohn’s disease, but there are a few factors that…

Another challenging approach is microRNA-based therapy that involves two strategies. The first aims to inhibit oncogenic miRNAs by using miRNA antagonists and the second strategy is miRNA replacement, which involves the reintroduction of a tumor-suppressor miRNA mimetic to restore a loss of…

tumor cells which effect immune system dynamics are; first, tumors can lose antigen expression which obstructs production of antibodies allowing the tumours free-reign. Second, tumour cells can generate suppressor T-cells which essentially turns the body’s own defense system against itself as suppressor T-cells subdue the antigen response of B-cells and other T-cells. Third, tumour cells utilizes Fas-L, a protein that when attached to initiates cell apoptosis or cell suicide, on activated…

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Canadian women, with the majority of these deaths resulting from metastasis of cancer to other tissues. In 2015, an estimated 25,000 Canadian women will be diagnosed with breast cancer and 5,000 will suffer from cancer-related deaths. When breast cancer is isolated to the breast tissue, cure rates surpass 90%; nonetheless, as cancer cells settle into the adjacent or distant tissues, long-term survival is markedly declined. The…

risk factors. Research into the cause of bone cancers has not yet been completed. Bone cancer occurs when a mutation throws off cells’ balance of oncogenes, genes that promote division, and tumor suppressor genes, genes that limit division. If the oncogenes are not kept in check by the tumor suppressor genes the cell will divide repeatedly, becoming a…