Gastroenterology

Second, if no inflammation is confirmed, then other disease processes should be excluded (e.g., C. deficile, steatorrhea, etc.). Then, as outlined in the position statement of the World Congress of Gastroenterology, an empiric increase in the TNF antagonistic dose (address low drug concentration); then switching the type of TNF antagonist (address antidrug antibodies) and finally changing class/mechanism of biologic or proceed to surgery (address non TNF mediated pathways). This strategy has several inherent disadvantages. First, the patients who have developed high titers of anti-drug antibodies will be unlikely to respond to dose intensification at great cost and possible risk of allergic hypersensitivity reactions. Second the group with non-immune pharmacokinetic mechanisms may be over or under treated. Current data support the routine monitoring of trough levels of anti TNF drug concentration and anti-drug antibody concentration assessment…

occur known as fibrosis. Drinking alcohol excessively won’t only affect the liver but it will trigger other parts of your body as well, such as; brain, heart, pancreas, sex hormones, kidneys and lungs. Cirrhosis itself occurs when the normal structure of the liver is disrupted by bands of scar tissue. When cirrhosis is present, scar tissue increased resistance to blood flow through the liver and this results a term called portal hypertension (high pressures develop in veins that drain into the…

Case Analysis: Clackamas Gastroenterology Associates, P.C. v. Wells Christi Wall Regis University Case Analysis: Clackamas Gastroenterology Associates, P.C. v. Wells The 2003 discrimination dispute between Clackamas Gastroenterology Associates and Deborah Wells sparked an important debate surrounding the relationships between an employer and its employees. The case provides critical guidelines for businesses today regarding employment relationships and what constitutes an “employee”, as well…

shows a greater portion of the colon than sigmoidoscopy.) A small sample of tissue may also be taken for testing (biopsy). Blood tests: The doctor will look for signs of anemia, or a high white blood cell count, which will mean that there is inflammation or an infection somewhere in the body. Barium X-ray (barium enema or small bowel series): X-rays are taken of either the upper or lower intestine. Barium coats the lining of the small intestine and colon, and shows up as white on an X-ray,…

This can include disorders such as infant colic, infant regurgitation, infant ramification, and functional diarrhea {{130 Hyman, Paul E 2006;}}. Finally childhood functional GI disorders: child/adolescent that uses a criteria for children between the ages of 4 and 18. In this particular subcategory they look at vomiting and aerophagia, abdominal pain-related FGIDs and constipation and incontinence {{128 Rasquin, Andrée 2006;}}. In this particular subgroup the duration of the symptoms must be…

when conducting and presenting future research. I have also been made aware of the wide gaps in research which need to be filled and will consider this in future tasks. References Anderson, R. P., Henry, M. J., Taylor, R., Duncan, E. L., Danoy, P., Costa, J. M., . . . Pasco, A. J. (2013). A novel serogenetic approach determines the community prevalence of celiac disease and informs improved diagnostic pathways. BMC Medicine, 11(188). Coeliac Australia. (2013, March).…

to NSAID use will include various categories of drugs such as H2RAs, PPIs, and agents that enhance mucosal defenses (antacids, sucralfate, and bismuth subsalicylate). These drug is that block acid secretion example omeprazole, others are those that reduces acid production i.e. ranitidine and antacids like magnesium carbonate tabs. The goal for ulcers caused by H pylori is eradication of the bacteria. The following combination of drugs was successfully used in the eradication of H pylori are PPI…

stent shunt (TIPS) [6]. Despite use of lactulose and enemas in patients presented with gastrointestinal bleeding, many patients still develop hepatic encephalopathy and on contrary not all patients with GIT bleeding develop this complication indicating that other specific risk co factors with hyperamonemia play a role in development of this complication that carries a high morbidity and mortality. In this study we aimed to asses clinical features , laboratory and endoscopic risk factors for…

Strep Throat Streptococcal pharyngitis, which is more commonly known as strep throat, is a common disease that effects people all the time. Bacteria, viruses, mycoplasmas, fungi, and parasites cause strep throat. Streptococcus bacteria may live in your throat or nose without causing any symptoms. In the winter most people actually have this bacteria in their nose or mouth and be healthy. These people are carries who do not have any symptoms nor spread the bacteria to other people. If these…

Mononucleosis also known as mono is commonly called the kissing disease. Mono is a virus caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. Which affects the lymphocytes and white blood cells that help support a person’s immunity. Mono can be easily be spread through a cough or sneeze. Along with by sharing a glass or food utensils with someone who is infected at the time. Mononucleosis has many signs and symptoms that come with the virus. These would include fatigue, malaise, a sore throat and fever. Along…