Suppressor

is distinguished histopathologically from diffuse lower-grade astrocytomas by the presence of necrosis or micro vascular proli-feration[20].Among several tumor suppressor genes, p53 reveal to play a key role in the pathogenesis of many prevalent malignancies [21] including brain cancer. p53 has been displayed to exert tumor suppressor activity by impelling apoptosis , initiating the cell cycle [22], stimulating cell differentiation [23], and being involved in DNA repair pathways [24].…

Under normal physiological conditions, the function of the colon and the rectum is responsible for the very last phase of digestion. Water is absorbed from the digested material (mostly liquid at this point) by the colon to form stool. Subsequently, the dehydrated stool then moves into the rectum for storage until signals are sent for its expulsion from the anus (Silverthorn, 2012). When carcinomas occur in either the colon or the rectum, they are collectively labeled as colorectal cancer.…

primary in protecting melanocytes from damaged DNA. The researcher worked on a series of experiments that provided that in normal circumstances, MC1R would bind to the tumor suppressor gene PTEN. PTEN acts against cancer and without it, the cancer-causing pathway opens. They found many redheaded individuals lack this suppressor gene. The researchers also recognized that if the cancer-causing pathway is elevated in activity, it actually boosts cell proliferation for another cancer mutation for…

It is a crucial component in multicellular organisms, as it regulates the cell cycle and helps prevent cancer. Mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene are the most commonly observed genetic alterations in human cancer. Since p53 mutations play such an important role in the development of cancer, it stands to reason that the detection of p53 mutations can be a very helpful tool in diagnosing…

the different types of cancers we have, at least one originates from closely every cell type in the human body (Vogeistein and Kinzier,1992). Different influence can affect the processes of the cell cycle in both positive and negative ways. Tumor suppressor gene p53 is among the negative regulators of the cell cycle if affected by alteration, mutations or by interaction with oncogene products of DNA tumor viruses. All these mutations cause genetic changes in the cells and lead to cancer (Levine…

kinds of tumor tissues such as breast cancer.Let-7b serves as a tumor suppressor by focusing on numerous oncogenic pathways in cancer cells. For instance, let-7b is concerned in cell motility, cell cycle progression and cell division by way of regulating a series of related genes, such as PAK1, DIAPH2, CDK6 and CDC25.(17) The human miR-34 family consists of miR-34a, miR-34b, and miR-34c. The miR-34 miRNAs are tumor suppressors and are vital mediators in the p53 pathway. In specific, it has been…

KRAS: So far three human Ras genes have been identified. Actually Ras homolog to the oncogene from Kristen Ras Sarcoma (KRAS). HRas homologous to the oncogene from Harvey Rat Sarcoma virus(HRAS) and NRas first isolated from the human neuroblastoma. These three different Ras genes are highly homologous but functionally different. However the degree of redundancy remains topic of investigation (Pylayeva-Gupta et al. 2011). Ras are central mediators of downstream of growth factor receptor…

Cancer cells can break away from the primary tumor site and travel through blood and lymphatic vessels. This is how cancer cells spread, or metastasize, to another part of the body, such as the brain. These tumors can develop when a patient’s primary cancer, while still undetectable at its original site, sends out metastatic cells that travel to the brain and establish themselves there. Most cancer patients are actually at risk of having their tumor spread to multiple sites.…

In today’s world cancer is everywhere. Cancer comes in many types and forms, that all seem to have many different origins. In this paper I will be focusing on a single type of cancer, known as skin cancer. This cancer isn’t as well discussed as many other forms of cancer from breast cancer to even prostate cancer in men, but it is a growing concern. As more and more people travel to warmer areas, use tanning beds, and even lack of knowledge of how this form of cancer is acquired we are taking a…

Detailed focus question: What is the process of self-renewal and duplication in breast cancer stem cells through E113, the Wnt-beta catenin signaling pathways and the tumor regulator p53? I. Introduction: To explain the cellular and molecular features of my focus question I will provide background on cancer stem cells, some of the various signaling pathways and breast cancer specifically. A. Cancer Stem Cells (Tumor-initiating cells) 1. Basic Features: Have the capacity to self renew and the…