To understand better the cycle of a cancer and a normal cell, we can start looking on this graph below: As we can see, a cell spends most of the the time on interphase during cell cycle. Interphase is divided in 3 parts, which are G1, S phase and G2.
G1- cell grows
S phase- cell synthesizes DNA
G2- cell prepares to divide
During G1 both normal and cancer cells grow, but in a cancer cell the cell just keeps growing ignoring the signals that tell them to stop. In S phase, or synthesis, both in cancer or normal cells the DNA replicates, sometimes the DNA polymerase make mistakes and copies the wrong letter, but when mutated it ignore the errors. In the last stage of interphase, that is G2, both cells prepare to divide. But when …show more content…
Tobacco use affects p53 gene which main function is to activates DNA repairs proteins and slows down the progression of a cell going from G1 to S stages. Radiation exposure damage the DNA because normally a person is exposed to a low level of radiation, but when exposed to a higher level, it damages it genetic information. The most common types of cancer are caused by environmental factors.
One way used to detect gene expression is by Microarray technology. In this process, genes are collected from 2 persons, one with normal DNA and the other one with a disease. Those two sample of genes are converted into DNA and each labeled with fluorescent different colors.Then they are mixed together and putted into a slide with tiny spots, and scanned. We can see how it works on the picture …show more content…
If the expression of a normal cell is lower than a cancer cell in a specific gene, the spot will turn red. If the expression of both cells are equal, the spot will be yellow, and if there is no expression of any cell it will be transparent. This technology helps create expression profiles where we can see how the genes react to different treatments and conditions of a person. It also helps to find the cause for people being more likely to have cancer, so they can prevent or stop those disease from happening. This comparison between the two DNA samples, to see which one has the higher expression in each spot of the slide is called Differential Gene Expression. In this process the DNA is translated to cDNA to express the proteins that are not normally expressed. We are not able to use just the DNA from both, cancer and normal cells, because to have results in this lab, all proteins have to be expressed to show the
G1- cell grows
S phase- cell synthesizes DNA
G2- cell prepares to divide
During G1 both normal and cancer cells grow, but in a cancer cell the cell just keeps growing ignoring the signals that tell them to stop. In S phase, or synthesis, both in cancer or normal cells the DNA replicates, sometimes the DNA polymerase make mistakes and copies the wrong letter, but when mutated it ignore the errors. In the last stage of interphase, that is G2, both cells prepare to divide. But when …show more content…
Tobacco use affects p53 gene which main function is to activates DNA repairs proteins and slows down the progression of a cell going from G1 to S stages. Radiation exposure damage the DNA because normally a person is exposed to a low level of radiation, but when exposed to a higher level, it damages it genetic information. The most common types of cancer are caused by environmental factors.
One way used to detect gene expression is by Microarray technology. In this process, genes are collected from 2 persons, one with normal DNA and the other one with a disease. Those two sample of genes are converted into DNA and each labeled with fluorescent different colors.Then they are mixed together and putted into a slide with tiny spots, and scanned. We can see how it works on the picture …show more content…
If the expression of a normal cell is lower than a cancer cell in a specific gene, the spot will turn red. If the expression of both cells are equal, the spot will be yellow, and if there is no expression of any cell it will be transparent. This technology helps create expression profiles where we can see how the genes react to different treatments and conditions of a person. It also helps to find the cause for people being more likely to have cancer, so they can prevent or stop those disease from happening. This comparison between the two DNA samples, to see which one has the higher expression in each spot of the slide is called Differential Gene Expression. In this process the DNA is translated to cDNA to express the proteins that are not normally expressed. We are not able to use just the DNA from both, cancer and normal cells, because to have results in this lab, all proteins have to be expressed to show the