Sequenced genomes

result of growth and development processes and has limited contribution from environmental factors (Weedon, et al., 2008). As a result, loci influencing height are compared and contrasted from different races. Genome-wide association (GWA) is a method used to quickly scan markers across genomes (complete set of DNA). GWA data was used from 4,921 individuals of Caucasian descent (Weedon, et al., 2008). A common variant, also known as single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), was identified. It was…

CRISPR is a technique that made genomic editing significantly easier. CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas (CRISPR-associated protein) is a RNA-guided nuclease for precise genome editing in diverse organisms. In 1987, when scientists were studying the bacteria's immune system, they discovered a pattern of short, repeating, palindromic DNA sequences separated by short, non-repeating, "spacer" DNA sequences (Figure 1). How CRISPR/Cas works in bacteria: As…

Just recently, scientists have found a way to spin synthetic spider silk, like Batman does. These Swedish scientists are Anna Rising and Jan Johansson. The two biochemists came together to study the natural ability that spiders undergo. The spider silk protein is similar to a lengthy chain, containing three parts. The longest part of the protein has pieces that repeat themselves. Randy Lewis, a biochemist, explains the long part of the protein as “stacked Lego blocks connected by springs. The…

1. What is the species name of the model/study organism? If the study is looking at human disease choose the disease causing organism. If the study is on some aspect of human physiology or anatomy, the model organism is a human. The study followed one White family and one Italian family to see how the mutation of a Manganese Transporter, SLC30A10, causes a variety of diseases such as Parkinson’s and Chronic Liver Disease. The model organism of the study is the Homo sapien. 2. Intellectual merit…

World Book Student defines genetic engineering as “techniques that alter the genes (hereditary material) or combination of genes in an organism… Beginning in the 1970’s, scientists developed ways to reintroduce individual genes into cells or into plants, animals, or other organisms” (Rubenstein, 2015). Genetic engineering is a controversial subject not only in science but also in popular culture. Some research, such as stem cell research, has led to serious questions concerning ethics. Other…

Genetically Modified Organisms are a topic of strong debate that sparkles both pros and cons, fuelled largely by a lack of understanding and huge amounts of misinformation that give wrong ideas. My research project is introducing the issues related to this and covering both pros and cons, and my own opinion towards this. •Explain what is involved with this biological issue Genetically modified organisms, also known as a transgenic organism, are living organisms whose genetic material has…

CRISPR Genes – A way to eradicate Autism to Cancer to Zellweger syndrome and everything in-between It was September 20th 2001. It was the day my mother would be screened if the fetus (i.e. me in my glorious self) showed an elevated risk for Downs Syndrome. A triple screen blood was performed which measured the quantities of three substances: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) which is produced by the fetus, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and unconjugated estriol which is produced by the placenta. The…

1.2 Cellular DNA Damage responses, genomic instability. DNA is the blue print of life and all the information of life processes such as growth, metabolism, reproduction etc are encoded in the sequence of it. Therefore its very important to maintain the genomic integrity of this genetic material, not only to keep away defects in life processes but to pass a faithful information to the next progeny. Integrity of the DNA is usually challenged by both endogenous and exogenous agents who are capable…

DNA organization within cells is a complex and sophisticated process. This high level of complexity is due to the hundreds of thousands of interactions that can be enabled through organization. It is a known that promoter elements and enhancer elements work in unison to regulate gene expression. Often times enhancers are found hundreds of kilo-bases away from their interacting promoter elements. These enhancers initiate promoter activation via interactions amongst transcription factor binding…

1. INTRODUCTION Our mind comprises of 100 billion neurons and a trillion glia [1], which is a conservative structure of tissue measuring approx 3 lakes. The mind houses our mindfulness, our gathered encounters isolated and broke down and interpreted into a code by combined fleeting projections, and put away in a system including the working of cerebrum. Stroke has enhanced our present comprehension of the cerebrum more than some other ailment. There are numerous routes in which neurological…