Sequenced genomes

Virus Taxonomy Order: Unassigned Family: Bunyaviridae Genus: Phlebovirus Species: Toscana virus talk.ictvonline.org Structure and genome The toscana virus (TOSV) is a negative-single stranded RNA virus, it is spherical in shape, it has an enveloped surrounding its capsid, and it has a diameter of 80–120 nm. Its genome is partitioned into three segments, termed (large)L, (medium)M and (small)S. With L about 6,400 nucleotides in length, M about 4,200 nucleotides in…

create another. Although CRISPER/CAS 9 is often precise, it has been known to cut the wrong strand of DNA leading to a whole new problem. The main subject of debate is whether or not to allow germ-line gene editing. Germ line editing is altering the genome in the sperm or egg cell. This provides the ability to change the genetics that a child is born with and these change s traits that would be inherited further down the generations. In altering the inherited traits we may be causing more…

Genetic transformation is the process in which a gene from one organism inserts itself into a different organism thus changing that organism’s genetic makeup, “Genetic transformation literally means change caused by genes and involves the insertion of a gene into an organism in order to change the organism’s trait.” Abraham, Anup.2016. Bacterial Transformation. Biology 281 Conceptual Approach to Biology for Majors I. Arizona State University. Hayden-McNeil. In this experiment, bacteria will be…

Kwon-Chung in 1976 has mentioned that C. neoformans exists as two mating types, MATa and MATα which is determined by single locus with diomorphic alleles.(Halliday CL et al, 1999). The MAT locus of C. neoformans is larger and consists of 100 kb having more than 20 conserved genes. These mating types play an important role in sexual development changes. These also play a vital role in epidemiology by knowing the prevalence and virulence of the isolate (Lengeler KB et al, 2000). Based on the…

In this globalization era with well-developed nations and advanced technologies, it happens where great minds combined with those technological advancements, have a lead to creations and achievements that somehow would have been impossible to be created or achieved. Genetic engineering made it possible to this matter. Generally, it is understood that genetic engineering itself is the technique of altering the genetic constitution of cells (or individuals) by the selective removal, insertion or…

Introduction: Genetic transformation is used in many areas of biotechnology. In medicine, diseases caused by defective genes are beginning to be treated by gene therapy by genetically transforming a sick person’s cells with healthy copies of the defective gene that causes their disease. Genes can be cut out of human, animal, or plant DNA and placed inside bacteria, which could treat a person with that disease. For example, a healthy person’s gene for the insulin can be put into bacteria. Under…

Gene therapy is an experimental form of treatment that modify the expression of an individual’s genes or correct abnormal genes by replacing a faulty disease-causing gene with a working version, or by introducing a new gene to cure a condition or modify its effects. For example, diseases such as cystic fibrosis, muscular dystrophy, hemophilia, and many cancers result from the presence of defective genes. Gene transfer first appeared in 1960s. The first therapeutic use of gene transfer was…

have quickly evaluated for the forty last years and their finding was joined by breakthroughs in the field of Molecular biology (1). The first efficient method to sequencing DNA was found by F.Sanger in 1977 (2). But the huge desire to sequencing genomes required faster methods and many improvements were made. Fluorescence, capillary electrophoresis and microarrays led to a new way for sequencing genes : the Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). How do Sanger technique and NGS work ? What are their…

Discussion: This experiment was designed to understand how manipulating protein expression would change C. elegans’ level of chemo sensation. Based on the data generated from our individual data and the class data, the data did not match the theoretical numbers. Only our individual syd-1 data was able to exactly match with the theoretical chemotaxis index. There are many potential reasons why the worms did not move towards the diacetyl, however, it was surprising how syd-1expressed such a…

C.R.I.S.P.R.-Cas9 is a technology that is used to target specific stretches of genetic code and edit DNA at precise locations.It also finds breaks in the DNA and either puts it back together with a tiny change, or puts it back together with a piece of donor DNA. It allows scientists to modify genes in living cells and organisms, and also may cure mutations in the future. I think that this technology is and isn’t a good thing to spread around the world. There is more pros to C.R.I.S.P.R.-Cas9…