Renin

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    The initial increase of sodium excretion rate is possibly caused by diet of the subject, since the rate of sodium excretion is closely correlated with the amount of sodium ingested. According to a study (1), the level of aldosterone released is strongly associated with the amount of sodium and potassium in diet, which explains the results of sodium excretion that were collected. The sodium excretion rate for the test subject decreased over time. Sodium excretion rate is controlled by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which releases renin in response to lowered blood pressure, the increase of renin results in the increase of angiotensin II, which stimulates the hormone aldosterone, this promotes the reabsorption of sodium; therefore the subjects had a decrease of sodium excretion rate over time. Sodium excretion rate also decreased over time for test subjects which could be caused by not enough sodium in the diet, and also since the subjects had one liter of water to drink it might result in over hydration which results in decreased sodium excretion…

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    Artery Occlusion and Renal Vascular Stenosis. As its name implies, this pathology is a cause by narrowing or blockage of the renal artery. The narrowing is caused by fat, calcium and immune cells, most of the time the narrowing is located in the proximal two to three centimeters of the artery. This is chronic condition and is the most frequent form of secondary hypertension. Description and Causes Additionally, the kidney plays an important role in our blood pressure, as a cause of progressive…

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    Thiazide Diuretic MOA: Inhibit the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the distal part of nephron causing more sodium to reach the distal tubules. In the presence of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) it will stimulate potassium exchange. Causing the body to get rid of excess fluid though urination. However it has a weak action on the kidney, therefore it is less effective in producing diuresis and natriuresis. [27] Pros & Cons: Lesser side effects than other hypertensive drugs and…

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    Name: Adult Polycystic Kidney Disease AKA: Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) – Common Organ: Cysts form in the proximal convoluted tubules, Bowman’s capsule and collecting ducts of the kidneys. With time, the cysts enlarge. Patients can also present with cysts in the liver, pancreas, lungs, spleen, ovaries, seminal vesicles, testes, epididymis, thyroid, uterus, and bladder. Labs: Proteinuria (50% of patients), azotemia, hematuria, anemia Signs and Symptoms: Abdominal and…

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    Essay On Kidney Disease

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    There are multiple kidney diseases that are known to the Medical world, but there will be a discussion about Henoch Shönlein Purpura today. Many young kids have had this Kidney disease and it is not to be taken lightly. At first it comes off as something simple, and it looks like the victim has probably just pulled a muscle, has a fever or has a stomach ache because they are vomiting but no, that is just the beginning of this horrid kidney disease. There are probably many questions going around…

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    505). Sodium is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule and loop of Henle regardless of sodium load. Aldosterone is the main factor when kidneys determine the rate of sodium reabsorption. Aldosterone causes an increase in sodium reabsorption. Aldosterone is usually secreted by the adrenal cortex when plasma volume is low. It is controlled by angiotensin II, a component of the renin-angiotensin system. Renin, an enzyme that is secreted by the granular cells in the Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA),…

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    Paper On Hypertension

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    One of the causes on systematic level is renal artery stenosis. This is the narrowing of the arteries that transport blood to the kidney. Since the arteries are narrowed they bring in less blood to the kidney. This causes the kidney to sense a lower blood volume. When this happens the kidney will release the enzyme, Renin. This enzyme will convert angiotensinogen, which is secreted by the liver, to angiotensin I. When the lungs sense angiotensin I in the circulation they will release…

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    Renin secretion is stimulated by decreased blood volume, decreased renal perfusion, sodium and water depletion. Subsequently, renin promotes the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. Angiotensin I is then converted to angiotensin II through the angiotensin converting enzyme. Due to angiotensin II being a potent vasoconstrictor, it also stimulates aldosterone secretion leading to sodium and water retention. The subsequent renal retention of sodium and water, coupled with an increase in…

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    Alirocumab Research Paper

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    According to the American Pharmacists Association, as of late July, Alirocumab, a PCSK9 inhibitor, obtained FDA approval. In addition to diet and aggressive statin therapy, Alirocumab acts as an aid for patients that have clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. These patients are required to lower their cholesterol further. Alirocumab, a monoclonal antibody which is self-administered through subcutaneious injection every two weeks, lowers…

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    ACE I Essay

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    ACE I Is a class of drugs used for cardiovascular disorders such as hypertension and heart failure They are drug of choice for treatment of hypertension especially if accompanied by high renin or severe renal damage ACE I is a class of drug which is mixed vasodilatation which leads to decreasing blood pressure and cardiac output as well as decreasing oxygen demand of the heart ACE I (angiotensin converting enzymes inhibitors) acts by inhibiting (angiotensin converting enzymes) which causes the…

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