Renin

ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY – Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is currently recognized as the preferred nomenclature for the clinical disorder formerly called Acute Renal Failure(ARF).This transition in terminology was meant to emphasize that the spectrum of the disease is much broader than a subset of patients who experience failure and require dialysis support .This nomenclature explains that renal failure occur as a continuum 1. AKIN recently defined AKI as “ functional or structural abnormalities or…

Therefore the urinary system eliminates or keeps the excess or shortage solutes or water. When water intake is not enough, blood volume decreases, blood pressure goes down, and this leads the renin secretion which promotes releasing of angiotensin II for increasing osmotic pressure to stimulate hypothalamus. Also water loss is regulated by ADH with water reabsorption mechanism. When osmotic pressure increased ADH also secreted to promotes absorbing…

Paracrine Signaling Signals that act locally between cells that are close together are called paracrine signals. Paracrine signals move by diffusion through the extracellular matrix. These types of signals usually elicit quick responses that last only a short amount of time. In order to keep the response localized, paracrine ligand molecules are normally quickly degraded by enzymes or removed by neighboring cells. Removing the signals will reestablish the concentration gradient for the signal,…

Nursing is a job of practice that requires patient oriented care in order to fulfill patient recovery. It is important for nurses to understand and comprehend the significant problem in order to provide the necessary care for a patient. Student Ana Castillo, from Wilkes University took care of a cardiac patient during her clinical experience. The student identified the primary problem, provided nursing interventions, and evaluated the patient’s performance. The student provided care that aided…

Normal standards for specific gravity are as typically as follows: 1.000 to 1.030 is a normal specific gravity, 1.001 after drinking excessive amounts of water, more than 1.030 after not drinking very many fluids and concentrated after receiving an antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Max’s urine concentration varied in concentration each time he was tested. The first test showed that his urine was a pale yellow which was an indication that he was hydrated. The second test showed the concentration to be…

internal jugular veins as well. As the external jugular veins descend through the lateral neck, they pass obliquely over the sternocleidomastoid muscles and then empty into the subclavian veins. The brachiocephalic vein a vein that returns oxygen-depleted blood from the upper limbs, neck, and head to the heart. There is a brachiocephalic vein on the left side of the neck and one on the right. The two brachiocephalic veins merge together with the azygos vein, which carries deoxygenated blood from…

Electrolytes affect the amount of water in your body, the acidity of your blood (pH), your muscle function, and other important processes. Electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, and others that are critical in allowing cells to generate energy, maintain the stability of their walls, and to function in general. They generate electricity, contract muscles, move water and fluids within the body, and participate in other activities.The concentration of electrolytes in the body is controlled by…

Some medications that a doctor will do to help lower blood pressure are diuretics, beta blockers, angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARBs), calcium channel blockers, and renin inhibitors to name a few. Sometimes through a healthy diet and exercise hypertension can be controlled without medication if it is caught soon enough. People who are affected with high blood pressure will benefit from healthy eating habits, the Dietary…

Briefly trace and discuss the flow of blood in the human kidney. Blood passes into the kidney through the renal artery entering the glomerulus within the Bowman’s capsule. However, when traveling into the glomerulus it is split into fifty capillaries, which has thin walls. The solutes within the blood are filtered through the thin walls by the pressure gradient exiting between the fluid in the Bowman’s capsule and blood capillaries. The pressure gradient is regulated by the dilation or…

sease The renal system is made up of the kidneys, ureters, and urethra. In addition to excreting out waste and excess water, the kidneys also produce erythorpoietin, renin and a form of vitamin D. Childhood renal diseases are categorized das either congenital or acquired. Congenital renal diseases such as Multicystic Kidney Disease, Polycystic Kidney Disease, Posterior urethral valve obstruction, and Fetal hydronephrosis can be detected during antenatal testing or postnatal examinations.…