Renin

1. What were the main findings of Mr. Penzey’s physical exam? How could his CT results be related to his blood pressure findings? A physical examination for high blood pressure also comprises a medical history. The extent of the physical examination as well as the level of detail in your doctor's questions depend on how high your blood pressure is in addition to whether you have other risk factors for heart disease. High blood pressure can harm your blood vessels, heart as well as kidneys. This…

Pathophysiology In metabolic syndrome many organs are affected due to malnutrition, stress and inactivity. With all these factors playing a part the body has different ways of trying to protect it self, that in turn can cause more harm than good. Abdominal obesity, insulin resistant, hypertension, and chronic cortisol release are results of the factors which contribute to metabolic syndrome. Abdominal Obesity A high consumption of calorie dense food and lack of physical activity are…

High blood pressure increases mean arterial pressure, which could damage arteries and lead to further complications to organs if left untreated. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) regulates blood pressure and is stimulated in response to hypotension. The kidneys release renin into the bloodstream that combines with angiotensinogen, which is released from the liver. This process produces angiotensin I. Angiotensin I combines with Angiotensin-converting enzyme…

Introduction The cardiovascular system provides appropriate organ and tissue perfusion at rest and at times of stress by regulation of blood pressure (BP). BP can be expressed as the product of cardiac output (CO) and peripheral resistance. The arterial pressure level at any given time reflects the composite activities of the heart and the peripheral circulation.(Jones, 2004). Nervous system, hormonal and Kidney factors control blood pressure. 1. Nervous System 1.1 CO – Cardiac output CO…

Advances in health care have seen an increase in life expectancy globally and though people are living longer, they are not living without complications: as seen in the elderly who currently make up the largest age group. There is increasing prevalence of hypertension with age, and is a precursor for illnesses such as CVA, coronary heart failure, kidney disease and dementia (Porth, 2017). Hypertension is an amendable condition through a variety of ventures (Brito, 2014) and it might be in the…

BACE1 inhibitors as an anti-alzheimer drugs Introduction- β –secretase (BACE1) is a transmembrane protein with its active site existing in the extracellular domain of the protein. It is made up of 2 aspartate residue Asp32 & Asp228. BACE-1 is a challenging target because it is an aspartyl protease with a site of action inside the central nervous system.. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in elderly people, and the fourth most common cause of death in developed…

with decreased renal blood flow, in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and in osmolar and water clearance [1, 2]. Beyond hemodynamic consequences of mechanical ventilation, these effects were partly ascribable to an activation of the sympathetic and renin-angiotensin systems, suppress the atrial natriuretic peptide release, while anti-diuretic hormone concentration was demonstrated to play little role [1, 3–5] . Changes in PaCO2 and PaO2 levels were shown to influence renal perfusion or sodium…

The force in the arteries when blood pumped by the heart hits the walls of arteries is known as blood pressure . When the heart contracts,the highest pressure in the arteries is known as the systolic pressure . Whereas , the lowest pressure in the arteries in between two heart beats is referred to as diastolic pressure . A normal individual would have a blood pressure of below 120/80 mmHg. High blood pressure or otherwise known as hypertension is a condition when the force in the arteries are…

We try to hide from it, we try not to talk about it, we can spend more than one third of our life dealing with it, its Menopause. Menopause a nasty little word that many of us women try to run from. This is the time in a women’s life that is marked by the end of her ability to reproduce. This life change can be hard for many women due to the fact that they can no longer reproduce, but more importantly the ovaries no longer release the high levels of estrogen that our bodies need to function…

results from the initial sample showed hyperkalaemia with a potassium level of 7.5mmol/L, hypercalcemia with a total calcium level of 2.74mmol/L which was also accompanied by an elevated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) result of 410.6ng/L and plasma renin of…