Renin

G.S. is a very pleasant 83 year old white female admitted to the unit on 10/29/15 for congestive heart failure and shortness of breath. This is her second time being admitted within a week of discharge for the same diagnosis. G.S. is a widow who lives along at home. She has never smoked and does not drink alcohol. She is, however, a little on the obese side. Her niece is her power of attorney and she does have an advance directive. She has a family history of heart disease and hypertension, and…

Chronic Kidney Disease is also known as Chronic Kidney Failure. This diagnosis describes a set of renal-degenerative symptoms and stages that eventually lead to dialysis, kidney transplant, and/or death. What makes chronic kidney disease so dangerous is its innocuity. Its early symptoms are often nonspecific and can appear to be from other illnesses. Usually, by the time the kidney damage is noticed due to loss of function, it is irreversible. Due to advancing medical technology, improved…

1.1 Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is responsible for significantly increased morbidity and mortality, worsened New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, and impaired quality of life in the general population [1]. For instance, data from the longitudinal population-based Framingham Heart Study suggest that AF is solely associated with a threefold to fivefold increased risk of stroke [2] and with an approximately twofold increased risk for mortality [3]. The ischemic strokes due to…

Kidney: Major Functions ✓ C-ontrols electrolyte and fluid balance ✓ R-egulates homeostasis of blood and acid-base balance ✓ R-egulates RBC production ✓ E-liminates end products of metabolism, ✓ S-ecretes renin, parathyroid hormones and Vitamin D [pic] The Kidney: Nephron • Functional unit of the kidney that produces urine by filtration Blood Supply of the Kidney • Renal artery- branch of the abdominal aorta • Renal vein- drains into the inferior…

Hypertension can be defined as persistent continuous raise of both diastolic and systolic pressures. Any systolic pressure of 140 mm Hg and a diastolic of 90 mm Hg and above is regarded as hypertension. For one to make a diagnosis of hypertension three different readings need to be obtained in different settings (Bothe, 2014). This paper discusses hypertension as a disorder and its process when it affects someone, its relation to the HFSON conceptual framework including the integration of the…

Congestive Heart Failure or CHF is a disease that makes it hard for the body to pump enough oxygen-rich blood to the body's organs. The heart muscle becomes damaged from other conditions such as myocardial ischemia, hypertension and arrhythmia. When this happens the heart is very weak, but it works too hard to efficiently pump enough oxygen-rich blood to the body resulting in life-threatening congestion. Congestive heart failure can affect all ages, from children to the elderly. Almost five…

This process involves three key components. The first is renin which stimulates the formation of angiotensin which in turn stimulates the conversion of angiotensin to angiotensin II (AII). AII increases systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and arterial pressure, and stimulates the release of aldosterone causing…

Chronic Renal Disease: J.H. and ESRD J. H. is a 55-year-old African American male who presented himself to the Emergency Department with a progressively worsening headache. He had a blood pressure (BP) of 233/134, with complaints of regular abdominal pain with nausea and vomiting and shortness of breath with exertion. Alert and oriented, he stated non-compliance with his BP medications and refusal to do dialysis since his initial diagnosis. Pathophysiology ESRD is the fifth and final stage…

Our body requires a well-balanced diet every day in order to maintain the adequate amounts of vitamins, nutrients and minerals needed to maintain a healthy body. Food gives our bodies the energy that we need to do work. But not all categories of food that can be include in nutritious food but can harm to our health. According to dictionary junk means useless, extra and something that is not needed. Pizzas, chaat, samosa, burgers, french fries are called junk food but all these food have become…

stages. ____ 79. The fight-or-flight response A) is the body’s immediate response to a real or perceived threat to survival. B) elevates heart and respiration rates and blood glucose level. C) decreases urinary and digestive functions. D) activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway. E) All of these are correct. ____ 80. The resistance stage of the stress response A) precedes the fight-or-flight response. B) is mediated primarily by CRH, GHRH, and TRH. C) is briefer than the…