Renin

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors lower blood pressure and produce vasodilation by inhibiting ACE – blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, key mediators of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS). RAAS is the main mechanism for controlling BP. Angiotensin II is a vasoconstrictor and works by binding to angiotensin I receptors on smooth muscle – these are joined to a Gq protein and the IP3 signal transduction pathway. ACE usually breaks down bradykinin.…

Catecholomines will be activated to stabilize the cardiac output. They increase heart rate and PVR, or afterload. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system will increase preload and after load. However, Angiostensin II also facilitates ventricular remodeling which will further perpetuate the problem; this can decrease cardiac contractility and cause ventricular dilation…

Should Adrenaline Fatigue Patients be Tested for Iodine Deficiency? In the human body, iodine deficiency and adrenaline fatigue are correlated. This phenomenon is not new to the world of medicine. Yet, it is largely ignored, inadequately researched, and poorly understood by scientists, physicians, nutritionists, and medical practitioners all across the globe. This article focuses on the link between iodine deficiency and adrenaline fatigue. It also stresses on the need for adequate iodine in…

Pre-eclampsia is a broad term used to define all forms of hypertensive complications in pregnancies. There are quite a number of theories explaining pre-eclampsia. Some of such theories are abnormal blood vessel circulation and tone by abnormal physiologic changes that occur during pregnancy such as cardiovascular maladjustment to pregnancy, altered biology of the placenta, systemic inflammatory response and antioxidants. In this literature review, some pathophysiology resulting in some effects…

treatment of soundman with recombinant human EPO produces an expansion in red cell mass (Jelkmann, 2011). However, the expansion in haematocrit (Hct) is joined by an abatement in plasma volume, which is likely because of a down regulation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone framework and results in a steadiness of the blood volume (Jelkmann,…

Blood Pressure Blood pressure , as a physiological variable of humans, is a hydrostatic pressure, utilized by blood on the walls of blood vessels.(Tortora and Derrickson 2011). It is caused by the contraction of the ventricles and the amount of blood in the whole cardiovascular system. The mean blood pressure (the average pressure in the cardiac cycle) is coordinated in order to provide adequate blood transfer to the tissues.(Saladin,2001). The decrease of blood pressure is followed by an…

irritability to more severe forms such as altered consciousness, stupor, and even going into a coma. The most common complication is ascites. Vasodilation in the systemic circulation can lead to under filling of the arteries which will then activate the renin angiotensin pathway, this pathway will in turn stimulate the sympathetic nervous system. All of this will lead to the retention of sodium and water, and together with low levels of albumin levels and increased portal hydrostatic pressure…

Heart failure is when the heart is too weak to pump blood efficiently, and cannot provide proper cardiac output that the body needs to maintain the body’s metabolic needs. Also, heart failure is when the heart muscle has become damaged and cannot contract and pump blood up and through the valves and out through both sides of the heart or the heart muscle has become too stiff. This process mainly relates to the heart muscles of the ventricle chambers. The ventricles are the main problem within…

heart attack overtime. High blood pressure is a condition where by blood is pumping at a pressure higher than it normally would in the arteries. Obesity alters a number of hormonal levels in our body, which affects our blood pressure, particularly the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, that controls the volume of blood in our body and the sympathetic nervous system as well as the level of sodium and water retention in the body. Therefore, with obesity obstructing the way these systems…

I remember one night on stage, playing at a Relay for Life event, everyone was noticeably having a great time. The other band members seemed really excited, the singer hit every note flawlessly, my guitar was sounding incredible, and one could feel all this energy reciprocating from the loud and engaged crowd. A sense of pure joy grabbed me that night as I gathered my equipment after the show and people came by to say that the group was sensational and that they would love for us to return next…