Protein structure

crystals in the kidney sections, tubular dilatation and necrosis. Soundararajan et al. (2006) study on the effect of Aerva lanata aqueous suspension reduced the urinary levels of stone promoters such as oxalate, calcium, uric acid, phosphorus and protein and increased the content of stone inhibitors citrate and magnesium. The oxalate synthesising enzymes that is, lactate dehydrogenase and glycolic acid oxidase also lessened in the liver and kidneys. The histopathological studies showed…

around the outer surface of the cytoplasm of the cell and controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell. Nucleus: It contains DNA for making new cells and organisms and also controls the reaction in the cell. Chromosomes: Thread- like structures found in the nucleus of the cell which carry the genetic information Cytoplasm: The liquid gel which makes up a lot of the body of a cell and is where many chemical reactions take place. Mitochondria: The site of cellular respiration where…

INTRODUCTION Fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with a long aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated. Most of the naturally occurring fatty acids contain unbranched chain of an even number of carbon atoms, from 4 to 28. We usually derived fatty acids from triglycerides or phospholipids. Fatty acids are very important sources of fuel because, when they metabolized, they yield large amount of ATP .Fatty acids are regulated by certain transcription factors which control the action of…

Insulin, one of the most important peptide hormone in the body, which plays significant role in maintaining the blood glucose level in the body. Under certain physiological conditions such as pregnancy, the body mechanism changes due to elevated levels of certain secretory factor like leptin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, TNF-α, plasminogen activator and testosterone (McLachlan et al., 2006), which produces certain adverse effects, insulin resistance being the most prominent one, where the…

Background Information: Enzymes and the function of enzymes are extremely vital to the human body in regards to how quickly the body can break down the macronutrients of starch, lipids, and proteins. I chose to investigate the breaking down of a complex carbohydrate (starch) because due to their size and structure, starch is broken down more slowly than other substances such as sugars, therefore I was intrigued to investigate the extent to which amylase could break down starch faster. Starch is…

Metronidazole Systematic (IUPAC) name: 2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethanol Bioavailability : 80% (oral), 60-80% (rectal), 20-25% (vaginal)122,123 Protein binding : 20% 122,123 Metabolism : Hepatic 122,123 Half-life : 8 hours 122,123 Excretion : Urine (77%), faeces (14%) 122,123 Formula : C6H9N3O3 Mol. mass : 171.15 g/mol Melt. point : 159–163 °C (318–325 °F) Metronidazole is a nitroimidazoleantibiotic medication used particularly for anaerobic bacteria and protozoa.…

1. Limitation of transdermal delivery system Skin as a barrier to drug transport Skin Barrier function is mainly due to the outermost few microns of skin namely Stratum Corneum, which is a unique biomembrane. This extremely thin membrane is the least permeable layer of the skin due to its remarkable composition of terminally differentiated keratinocytes (compressed keratin-filled corneocytes) anchored in the lipophilic matrix. The lipids in this lipophilic matrix are responsible for many…

Organizational Structure of Walmart Unlike previous centuries, the last century is characterized by rapid cultural change and technological development. This rapid pace of change has created an ever changing environment, which constantly creates environmental pressures that organizations must identify and adapt to, or run the risk of no longer being relevant to today’s consumers. Recent business history is littered with once thriving businesses that used to be household names that have gone…

Organizational Structure Organizational structure is “the way in which job tasks are formally divided, grouped, and coordinated (Robbins & Judge, 2009).” The success and development of the organization depends on how effective the way it was structured. Some organizations prefer to use different structures compared to other organizations for an array of reasons, such as: the size of the organization, the environmental factors the organization confronts, the type of industry the organization…

According to Max Weber, bureaucracy can be termed as the formal system of an organization and administration designed to ensure efficiency and effectiveness. In line with this, there are principles that can be used in such an organizational structure. These principles include job specialization (Altman 2013). In this case, management of an organization is charged with ensuring that they divide their jobs into a simple, routine and fixed category based on competence and functional specialization.…