Proton exchange membrane fuel cell

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    High temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) are a promising clean technology, especially for automobile applications.1 These devices generate electricity from the chemical reactions that occur in the anode side of the cell, using H2 as a fuel and generating heat and water as by-products.2, 3 However, experimental studies using HT-PEMFCs show that degradation of the cell can occur after certain hours of operation (around 500 hours).4 Some of the factors that contribute to the degradation of the HT-PEMFCs are rupture of the bulk polymer backbone of the membrane, H3PO4 loss and poisoning of the catalyst layer.5 These degradation problems must be overcome in order to commercialize this type of fuel cells.5 Consequently, extensive…

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    or without molecular oxygen3. Serratia Marcescens is a gram negative bacterium. Gram negative bacteria have a thin cell of a single layer of peptidoglycan that is enclosed by an outer membrane. The outer membrane is surrounded by special phospholipids composed of fatty acids called lipopolysaccharides that are attached to a glucosamine…

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    Organelles of Animal Cells The Nucleus: ~A large, round organelle visible under the microscope. Functions- Regulation • Controls the cell’s activities • Controls cell reproduction Contains genetic material - DNA that makes up the genes and chromosome. The Ribosome: ~Made of dozens of different proteins as well as RNA, also found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. Ribosome are typically composed of two subunits: • Large subunit • Small subunit “ Free” Ribosome makes…

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    Potato Lab Report

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    The percent change in mass of the potato segments is positive when placed in concentrations of 0.0 and 0.1M of glucose. At these two concentrations, a hypertonic environment was observed within the segment cells. The percent change in mass of the potato cells is negative when placed in concentrations of over 0.3M to 0.4M, 0.5M, and 0.6M of sucrose. At these three concentrations, a hypotonic environment was observed within the cell. According to the data, a line of best fit crosses the x-axis…

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    It often used as a cryoprotectant. Glycerol can defend against cold temperatures by depressing the freezing point of the bacteria cells, enhancing supercooling. With bacteria, adding glycerol to final concentration of 15% will help protect from damage of freezing and thawing. When the freezing point of bacterial cells lowered by the use of glycerol, its prevent the formation of ice crystal which can cause intracellular injuries. Generally, the colder the storage temperature, the longer the…

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    Membranes

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    A membrane is defined as a thin sheet, film, or layer, which works as a selective barrier between two phases that can be liquid or gas.113 In other words, a membrane is an interface between two adjacent phases acting as a selective barrier, regulating the transport between the two components.114 Membranes have gained an important place in chemical technology and are used in a broad range of applications.115,116,117 The key property that is exploited is the ability of a membrane to control the…

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    Docking: In molecular modeling field, docking is a method which assumes the desired orientation of one molecule to a second molecule when bound to each other, to form a stable complex. Knowledge of the orientations can be used to assume the strength of association or binding affinity between the two molecules. The associations between biologically relevant molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids play a key role in signal transduction. Thus, the relative alignment of…

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    Bacteriorhodopsin Experiment

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    Abstract Bacteriorhodopsin is located in the plasma membrane of Halobacterium halobium, where it acts as a proton-pump, transporting protons out of the cell. Since its discovery in 1979, much research has been done on Bacteriorhodopsin and there have been many advancements in our knowledge. Firstly, on its structure and function and secondly, on the conformational changes it undergoes during retinal isomerisation. Introduction Bacteriorhodopsin is a globular protein, (Henderson, 1975) which…

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    Osmosis In The Human Body

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    of 70% of water that in which is the main component of the cells within one’s bodies. Within these cells, there are particles that move inside and outside through a semi-permeable membrane. This process is called diffusion. In diffusion, particles move in motion at a random speed from a high concentration to an area of low concentration until all of the molecules are dispersed evenly. It is important to remember that involvement with diffusion depends on the concentration. The greater the…

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    Ethanol disrupts membranes by a number of methods. In particular what you must remember is, the size and fluidity of the membrane has a lot to do with the outside and inside environment. This environment consists of how much water, salts etc are in the cell versus out of the cell. Adding ethanol disrupts much of this. 1. Ethanol is permeable to cell membranes. Because of the nature of ethanol as a chemical is it able to get into the cell very easily. This disrupts the balance of the…

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