Plasmid

Introduction Ebola virus (EBOV) is a filamentous, negative sense single-stranded strand RNA virus under the Filoviridae family [1]. It is a large virus, approximately 970 nm long, and 80 nm in diameter [2]. EBOV is infamous in the African continent, causing hemorrhagic fever in both humans and nonhuman primates in the African continent [1], where outbreaks have been unpredictable and usually resulting in fatality. Since its discovery in 1976 in the Democratic Republic of Congo [3], EBOV still…

Bacteria may be the highest cause of death, but without their help in many aspects of life we would all be dead. Bacterium is a very important staple in everybody’s lives, and helps us with many things in everyday life including decomposition, digestion, and healing. Bacteria are very interesting creatures due to the shear force that they have even though they are microscopic in size, and do not have brains to guide them. Bacteria are everywhere and in every living organisms and help with many…

in large bacterial populations where some of the cells are less permeable to the drug however the more relevant form of resistance occurs when bacteria develop the ability to make chloramphenicol acetyl-transferase. This enzyme is encoded for on a plasmid and acts as a virulence factor…

These plasmids are circular units of DNA which carried a gene for an enzyme which destroys or inactivates the antibiotic (Jerry Bergman, 2014). They can then pass on this trait to their offspring making the bacteria’s future generations fully resistant to antibiotics…

directly incorporated after they are taken up. The distinguishing feature of T. aquaticus’ genomic structure is the 16s rRNA gene III. This is what differentiates it from all other thermophiles. Two studies have demonstrated that T. aquaticus has 4 plasmids. Thermus aquaticus is heterotrophic in nature and, needs organic compounds from the surrounding environment in order to grow and sustain life. T. aquaticus reproduces asexually via mitosis, Taq polymerase allows the bacteria to replicate at…

11, CXCL 10, and CXCL 9. DNA purification (Mini prep) helps to determine the concentration of both GFP and NFkB DNA before being used to transfect both HeLa and HEK 293 cell. The purification of DNA also allows the extraction and purification of plasmid DNA. According to the data that was generated by the completion of the Mini Prep, GFP DNA tends to have a higher concentration of 27.544 µg compared to NFkB DNA that has 16.950 µg. GFP DNA is considered to have properly purified because it…

Components: Numerous pathogenic microscopic organisms colonize mucosal destinations by utilizing pili (fimbriae) to cling to cells (Peterson, 1996). Intrusion Variables: Surface parts that enable the bacterium to attack have cells can be encoded on plasmids, however more frequently are on the chromosome (Peterson, 1996). Capsules: Numerous microscopic organisms are encompassed by containers that shield them from opsonization and phagocytosis (Peterson, 1996). Endotoxins: The lipopolysaccharide…

Genetically modified organisms, also known as GMOs is a huge controversial topic within the public eye filled with ethical, medical, and multiple more topics surrounding the issue of genetically modified organisms. Genetically modified organisms is a group of organisms whose genome has been altered by the techniques of genetic engineering so that its DNA contains one or more genes not normally found there. GMO testing can be done on both plants and animals, in fact, a high percentage of food…

Technical course curriculum knowledge from my graduate and undergraduate programs came in handy for my professional internship, directed studies and my current Student Assistant job at A&M. First semester’s Molecular Biology course revised most of the cell biology concepts that I learned from my undergraduate studies and gave insights into advanced cell biology. To complement our understanding, we were assigned to read high impact scientific journal articles as a daily class assignments. Having…

Potter (2001) mentioned that C. perfringens spores may contaminate meat and meat products either before processing and survive cooking or after processing due to unhygienic handling of prepared food. Adak et al. (2002) reported that deaths due to C. perfringens (type A) food poisoning are rare but may occur in the elderly and debilitated. It is estimated to kill seven people in the USA, and between 50 and 100 people in UK yearly. Asha and Wilcox (2002) reported that the first C. perfringens…