Plasmid

Background: Genetically modified foods are foods in which their DNA has been altered in a specific way, by humans, in order to reveal a specific trait that changes the growth time, size, shape, yield, and resistance against climate change and disease in a plant or animal. (World Health Organization, 2015) Genetic modification has been around since the beginning of time, but it occurred naturally. Plants and animals both over millions of years have naturally modified themselves by Charles…

lethality-gene relationship and yeast mating type switch stimulates the efficient homologous recombination machinery. Target gene can be disrupted by using plasmid containing nonfunctional copy of gene, selectable marker flanked by short ~40 nucleotides homologous to target gene [5]. Basically, nonfunctional copy of gene is cloned into plasmid vector containing selectable marker. Then vector transformed into yeast cells integrates target site in the genome by HR. The major advantage is that this…

used to treat glioma cells. They derived these peptides from two other peptides which were chlorotoxin and BmKCT 18,19. Then the scientist made the derivatives and through Polymerase chain reaction, they managed to amplify them and put them in a plasmid. Later they became E. coli cells that were purified even further. Later, they used different concentrations of the chlorotoxin derivatives to see how it would affect glioma cell growth. For the experiment, they used mice that were infected with…

The benefits and risks of the scientific method of genetically modifying crop species Since the emergence of agriculture over 10,000 years ago, humans have been altering the genomes of the crops they produce in order to increase the crop quality in many ways, with fruit size and palatability being two obvious examples. Whether this occurred incidentally through the techniques used to cultivate the plants or intentionally through artificial selection, humans have created strains of domesticated…

The researchers of this article studied the GLI3 protein, which is a zinc fingered protein and encoded in humans. It is a copy of GLI family and is translocated in patients who possess the Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome─GCPS. The mutation of the GLI3 protein is shown to cause various disorders such as, Pallister-Hall syndrome and postaxial polydactyl type A. The researchers were trying to demonstrate how a single gene mutation could cause these dissimilar developmental disorders in humans.…

Referred to as “a forgotten disease of a forgotten people” by Paul Emerson, Director of the Trachoma Control Program at the Carter Center in Atlanta, Georgia; trachoma is a hyperendemic of preventable blindness in the world. Trachoma is an ocular infection caused by intercellular parasite Chlamydia trachomatis. It thrives in dirty atmospheres with close proximities since the disease is spread by contact of infected eye and nose discharge through hands, towels and flies. Most of the risk…

Serratia genre includes Gram negative rod- shape bacteria, aerobe facultative anaerobe and chemo-oganotrophic with low nutrional requirements. According to Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Serratia genre belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family and includes 12 species 1,2. They are widespread in the natural environment, being isolated from soil, water and different plants (vegetables, mushrooms, grasses, mosses, trees)1,2,3. Serratia marcescens grows at 37°C, but it can grow in…

Have you ever wondered what you’re putting into your body, or what you’re not putting into you’re body when a box says “GMO free” or “Contains GMOs”? I know I have. Genetically modified foods have been shown to cause harm to humans, animals, and the environment (natrualsociety). Many of the foods we eat contain GMOs, it’s really hard to avoid eating GMO foods; but if you really wanted to, you could spend a lot of money and eat totally organic. I feel like that would cause a break in your bank,…

Many endosymbiotic theories have figured in opinion about the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. More than 20 different versions of Endosymbiotic theories have been presented in literature to explain the origin of eukaryotes and their mitochondria (Martin, Garg and Zimorski, 2015, p.1678). A Prokaryotic cell contains structural components such as: Cell wall is made of peptidoglycan. Gram-positive bacteria contain a thick cell wall with many layers of peptidoglycan…

The fenicol groups of antibiotics are one of the generally utilized medications which are wanted to treat sicknesses relating to respiratory and digestive systems. These days, these gatherings of antibiotics are utilized as a part of veterinary prescription adequately. Fenicol gathering of anti-microbials incorporates a few regularly utilized medications like chloramphenicol and florfenicol. As of late, utilization of florfenicol has been expanded on account of its wellbeing in nature when…