Plasmid

Genetically modified bacteria can benefit society in many ways. “Genetically-modified foods have the potential to solve many of the world’s hunger and malnutrition problems” (Pandey, A.). This paper will show how modified bacteria is beneficial through nutrients in food, resistance towards drought and chemicals used on plants, and uses for pharmaceuticals. First, there needs to be an understanding of how genetically modified bacteria works. Genetically modified crops start off with…

To generate a mini-horta that does not express the fluoride transporter in the rock-dissolving organ as an adult we will be utilizing the Cre/loxP system with a temporal control over the expression of Cre, so that we can, in a sense “deactivate” the expression of the loxP surrounded gene by the addition of an exogenous substance in a particular tissue. To create this model mini-horta we must create two lines of mini-horta, one with loxP sites surround the gene coding for the fluoride…

It is humans instinct to want to have and create the best of everything. With this drive and scientific knowledge we are able to manipulate a species genetics through several methods. The two methods I will be exploring the process of and the pro’s and con’s is ‘selective breading’ and ‘transgenesis’. TRANSGENESIS: Transgenesis is a form of genetic manipulation where an exogenous gene is introduced into a living organism that is not of the same species as the exogenous gene. This gene will…

The CRISPR-Cas9 system is derived from a bacterial adaptive immune system. The acronym stands for clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats, which are sequences of DNA that read the same forward as backwards. In between these are sequences of DNA known as protospacers indicative of particular bacteriophages encountered by bacteria. These sequences are then used as a template for RNAs capable of recognizing viral DNA within a cell and as a means to bind the endonuclease CRISPR…

Green Fluorescent protein and Green Fluorescent protein are suggested to be involved in bacterial transformation tool, which helps the scientists visualize the normal protein in cell. To test the hypothesis, the experiment had been collected the around 15 colonies from E.coli source plates. Those amounts of E.coli, then, were used to test under transformation of E.coli with Green and Blue Fluorescent Proteins procedure. As the result, the E.coli that had been injected pFluoroGreen and…

with a unique cell wall. The wall contains multiple layers and an outer membrane. The genome includes two round chromosomes, one 2,650,000 platform sets, and the staying 412,000 platform sets, as well as a megaplasmid of 177,000 platform sets, and a plasmid of 46,000 platform sets. It has about 3195 genetics. In the set stage, each bacterial cell contains four duplicates of this genome; when rapidly growing each harmful bacterium contains 8-10 duplicates of the genome. The bacterium used to be…

contaminating clean water. However, there is a growing opposition to genetically modified organisms on the basis of health. Scientist can make multiple copies of DNA through a process called gene cloning. First, the DNA of interest is inserted a plasmid, forming recombinant DNA. This is then inserted into bacteria who divide into offspring with the recombinant DNA. Now, scientist have many copies of the DNA which can be extracted and purified. In fact, this is how insulin is made which is…

Preparation for Cell Lysis Obtain the mammalian expression vector for homo sapien ESR2 from Addgene. Assemble the vector to code for the proteins snail, slug and twist. Transfect HEK293 cells with the modified plasmids in petri dishes. Allow the cells to grow for 1-2 days so they will express the proteins. Transfer the culture medium to a centrifuge tube to separate it from the cells. Add 1mL of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) to the cells and swirl to mix. Separate the PBS from the cells and…

different timed mice and cell types. The RNA sequencing of different cell types is studied between the Scx+Gli1-CD146- and Scx+Gli1+CD146+. The punched injury of the mouse model is used to observe the eESC during repair and regeneration in vivo. The plasmid luciferase eESC reporter is constructed and transplanted at the injury site. To examine the effective regeneration of the eESC at the supraspinatus enthesis, the live image by two-photon confocal microscope accompanied with the post-mortal…

Clostridium tetani is a bacillus, or rod-shaped bacteria responsible for the often-fatal disease tetanus. The word tetanus originated from the Greek word tetanos, which means to ‘stretch’. It is a Gram-positive bacterium and often appears to be shaped like a tennis racket, drumstick, or club when stained. This unusual appearance is the result of sporulation that occurs within the cell. C. tetani is an obligate anaerobe and relies solely on fermentation. Since it is an obligate anaerobe, this…