Phagocytosis

Phagocytosis: The effects of time and Latrunculin on endocytosis. Introduction Phagocytosis is a process in which cells engulfed foreign materials. Eukaryotic cells can engulf different particles and solutes from their environment using a variety of mechanisms called endocytosis. Some cells can carry out large endocytic processes called phagocytosis and micropinocytosis. These processes can internalize particles (>0.5um) whereas internalization of fluids through micropinocytosis mechanisms or solute into vesicles for size less than (<0.5) Phagocytosis is a ubiquitous process throughout nature. The behavior can be observed in unicellular organisms like amoeba using phagocytosis to obtain nutrients. Similarly, for vertebrates phagocytosis is an efficient method used by phagocytic cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils to uptake, eliminate pathogens and cellular debris from the body. Understanding phagocytosis depends on several steps involving interaction between phagocyte surface receptors with ligands on the surface of particles and cytoskeletal rearrangement (polymerization of actin) for the formation of an early endosome into a phagosome.…

Introduction: The ultimate goal of this laboratory experiment was to have a better understanding of phagocytosis and how certain factors may affect the rate of phagocytosis. The first part of the experiment was to test the effects of both concentrations of India ink, and feeding status on the rate of phagocytosis. Through this testing one can identify the conditions necessary to obtain the highest rate of phagocytosis. The second part of this lab was taking the variables that maximize the rate…

that innate immune system following during invading the pathogenic bacteria that was phagocytosis. The innate immune system has various agents, which, play a significant role in protection the boy from foreign guests a like many different cells, portions, and chemic ataxic or chemical signaling that act the message for the body preparing for defenses. The white blood cells such as neutrophils, macrophages, and monocytes are capable of neutralizing foreign objects by phagocytosis, which…

The Bubonic Plague is a bacteria known as Yersinia Pestis that infects the lymphatic system causing it to become inflamed (Tonsils, Adenoids, Spleen, and Thymus). The bacteria needs calcium to grow but when there is no calcium it produces amino acids called aspartic acid. Aspartic acid raises the blood plasma level of aspartate and glutamate. This excess can lead to damage of sensitive neurons. It can also help generate cellular energy, balance neurochemistry, and help the liver rid the body of…

Abstract: The Effects of Tobacco on Phagocytosis of Tetrahymena. Lania Ellis, 2014, 102 Student Center Dr. Tobacco may have a negative effect on phagocytosis of Tetrahymena. The effect tobacco had was looked at during the experiment where tobacco was added to Tetrahymena’s food. A control solution without tobacco was used in order to be able to tell if the tobacco made something change. The tobacco ended up negatively effecting the Tetrahymena because it caused the Tetrahymena to eat less, and…

bacteria, or what type of foreign substance it is. They generally respond to things that are bad. All they know is that they see something that isn’t suppose to belong and they respond to it, but they don’t remember it. The first line of defense includes the physical and chemical barriers of the skin, acid in our stomachs, or the acidity of the oils on the outside of our skin. Our skin provides a barrier which helps foreign substances from piercing into the body and causing diseases. The…

The Effect of Dri-Contrad on Phagocytosis in Tetrahymena Methods: A control group of Tetrahymena was first made up of 450 microliters of Tetrahymena and 450 microliters of carbon solution in a microcentrifuge tube and a timer was immediately started. 100 microliters of iodine were added to three other microcentrifuge tubes which were labeled C3, C6, and C9 to act as a stop solution by killing the Tetrahymena. At three minutes, 100 microliters of solution were pipetted from the control tube to…

They are largely motile and contain cilia on the surface that assist with movement and gathering food. The process by which T. thermophila obtains most of its nutrients is called phagocytosis. During phagocytosis, particles are consumed by a portion of the plasma membrane. This results in the formation of a vesicle, or phagosome, which then fuses with a lysosome in the cytoplasm to break down and digest food particles. However, a large fraction of bacteria engulfed by protozoa are not digested.…

best knowledge this is the first time we shown the bacteriostatic effect of conglutinin to Gram-positive bacteria (mycobacteria). We also found that conglutinin inhibited the phagocytosis of mycobacteria (M. bovis BCG and M. smegmatis) by THP-1 cells by blocking the mannose and complement receptors present on macrophages. After showing the inhibitory effect of conglutinin, we also investigated how conglutinin modulates cytokine responses during phagocytosis of M. bovis BCG by THP-1 cells,…

However exocytosis is the process in which debris enter a cell; this process can be sectioned off into three different parts: Phagocytosis, pinocytosis and receptor-mediated endocytosis. Phagocytosis is where recognition receptors detect threats to the immune system, and then the macrophage submerges the particle in a pocket called a phagosome where the enzymes are then released into the pocket by one of the organelles (Mosser, D. and Edwards, J. 2008) where lysosomes release digestive enzymes…