Chromosome

Every living cell contains genetic information in the form of chromosomal DNA. Chromosomes can be circular in prokaryotic, or simpler single-celled organisms such as bacteria, but tend to be linear in more complex eukaryotic cells. The replicon, or the enzymatic complex that replicates DNA has limitations on its efficiency and capabilities. For example, eukaryotic DNA polymerase requires a short RNA primer to begin replication on the lagging strand, because of this replication cannot continue replication all the way to the end of the chromosome, and it has been shown that anywhere between 50 and 150 base pairs are lost from the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes for each round of DNA replication (Kim, et al. 2016). This is problematic, because…

In this genotype, the most notable chromosome would be the 21st. Chromosome 21 is a very small chromosome, one of the smallest in fact. Despite this, two prominent syndromes are related to genes on it; Alzheimer’s disease and down syndrome, both causing intellectual impediments. Alzheimer’s causes dementia and its effects worsen over time, while down syndrome causes delays in physical and mental growth. As I said, chromosome 21 is one of the smallest chromosomes in the human body and…

This film explains how all humans are created. There are around 365,000 new babies made around the world everyday. Our bodies natural instinct is to make babies. It is what we were made to do. Even when we aren't doing the"physical" part of it, our bodies are still creating eggs and sperm to get us ready to try to reproduce. Our bodies are made up of DNA. DNA is made up of chromosomes. We get 23 chromosomes from our dad and 23 chromosomes from our mom. We are made up of 46 chromosomes to make…

3 Chromosomes are thread-like structures which consist of DNA and other proteins. Chromosomes are present in every cell of the human body so that information can be carried for that cell to develop. The human body normally consists of 46 chromosomes which then can be paired into 23 pairs. 22 pairs of chromosomes are similar in both males and females which are commonly known as autosomes. However, the 22nd chromosomes (X and Y) are different as these are the sex chromosomes. The human cell can…

Y chromosome is a sex determine chromosome among many species including modern humans. Modern studies in genome suggested that Y chromosome arose from the accumulations of mutations of other chromosomes and have some special genes on it which determine the gender of the carrier; however, some non-mammalian animals carry the Y chromosome even if their genders are not determine by the appearance of the Y chromosome. The Y chromosome works differently on the mammalian and non-mammalian so in this…

My claim was that memory foam would be the best, and I was right. My partners and I made a helmet designs call Chromosome Saver.I uses 1 piece of medium foam, 7 pieces of memory foam, and on 12 pieces thin foam. It is made for football. It is one of the best helmets on the market. No one has a helmet quite like this. We ran extensive tests on our helmet designs. Our testing equipment was one testing plate and a soccer ball. What we did was simple. All we did was drop the soccer ball form one…

DNA organization within cells is a complex and sophisticated process. This high level of complexity is due to the hundreds of thousands of interactions that can be enabled through organization. It is a known that promoter elements and enhancer elements work in unison to regulate gene expression. Often times enhancers are found hundreds of kilo-bases away from their interacting promoter elements. These enhancers initiate promoter activation via interactions amongst transcription factor binding…

Genetics To Down Syndrome Genetics describes the makeup of our cells, genes, chromosomes, and phenotypes. When there is alter in a gene or a duplication of a chromosome, it can lead to a certain diseases. One of the main diseases known today from a duplication of a chromosome is Down syndrome. John Down first put a name to Down syndrome in 1866, but artifacts from Mexico and Saxon documented some cases of Down syndrome in individuals, and also some were found in paintings of the Renaissance in…

Previous studies have established that the gene responsible for Huntington’s disease (HD) is located in chromosome 4 – labeled as 4p16.3. Early symptoms of the disease include chorea or involuntary movements, loss of balance, as well as cerebral atrophy1. Although the disease has a late onset, juvenile form of the disease is also probable. The disease is manifested in children and teenagers and is characterized by transmission from an affected father (paternal transmission effect), unusually…

Did you know there is an average of 20,000-25,000 genes per one single chromosome? And one change or shortage in such a minute item can cause a major condition, disease, disorder and even cancer. Chromosomes seven - twelve have large number of gene pairs and genes that are roughly the following; chromosome 7 spans about 159 million DNA base pairs and likely contains 900 to 1,000 genes, chromosome 8 spans more than 146 million DNA base pairs, and likely contains about 700 genes, chromosome 9 is…