Chromosome

creates four daughter cells that have only half of the amount of chromosomes that are contained within a human body, 23 instead of 46. Within the book it explains that meiosis goes through Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase and finally Cytokinesis (a separate process) twice, to create all four of the daughter cells. Interphase is the life of the cell before it divides. Prophase is when the DNA condenses into Chromosomes, the…

meiosis has a synapsis of homologous chromosomes while mitosis does not. During daughter cell number and genetic composition, mitosis has two, each diploid cell is identical to the mother cell. While during meiosis this changes to 4 and each haploid cell contains half as many chromosomes as the mother cell and is inherently genetically different than the mother cell. Another difference is how the chromosomes align at the metaphase plate, during mitosis the chromosomes will align at the center,…

Meiosis is a type of cell division that occurs in sexually reproductive organisms that leads to the production of reproductive cells called gametes. The process of meiosis begins with a diploid (2n) cell, which has a full amount of chromosomes. For example, in humans, the diploid number is 46. Meiosis gives the end product of four haploid (n) gametes, which have half of the amount of DNA that their parent cells have. In humans, this haploid number is 23. The process of meiosis has many steps…

syndrome and 5p deletion, is a chromosomal disorder resulting from the deletion of the short arm, known as the p arm on chromosome 5 (1). This disease was first described in 1963 by a French geneticist, Jerome Lejeune as a hereditary congenital syndrome (1). Today, it is known as one of most frequent autosomal deletion syndromes that results from loss of the distal portion of chromosome 5 affecting the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene (6). The deletion occurs at random during…

has any influence on chromosome instability and if it does, how to correct it. This is important because chromosome instability is proposed to be a major contributor to the acceleration of cancer cell evolution1, and as a previously overlooked source, cohesion fatigue can induce chromosome instability. The authors focused on the cohesion complex in this study since in a previous study they identified that a certain protein, Ska3, was important in the maintaining of chromosome cohesion2. This…

The chromosomes condense and become so compact that they are able to be seen with light microscope. This marks the beginning of prophase. Each chromosome contains two identical copies called sister chromatids. The sister chromatids are attached at a central point called a centromere. The second key event in prophase is the assembly…

One mutation in a single human chromosome is all it takes. When a human has an extra copy of chromosome 21, this is referred to a developmental disorder known as Down’s Syndrome or Trisomy 21. An individual with Down’s have three copies of their genes instead of two, therefore disturbing the control of protein production within cells. It is so common and widespread that 1 out of every 800 to 1,000 babies are affected by Down’s Syndrome (FamilyDoctor). This means, according to the article…

Trisomy is a cell that has three copies of one chromosome instead of having the normal two copies. Trisomy 21 is known as the congenital disorder Down syndrome. This occurs when each cell has three copies of chromosome twenty one rather than having a pair. Commonly, Down syndrome is caused by nondisjunction. Nondisjunction is "an error in which homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to separate normally during meiosis or mitosis" (Huether,McCance pp.42). Scientists have discovered…

have an additional chromosome while some don’t this is known as mosaicism. The Mosaic trisomy 21 takes place when the error in the cell division happens early in development though it is after the sperm and the normal egg unite. This can also take place in early development when there are some cells who lose an extra chromosome 21 which was present at conception. Symptoms for this form vary between the Trisomy 21 but this depends on the amount of cells which have an extra chromosome.…

daughter cells. Meiosis and mitosis are more complicated processes of cell division. Mitosis is part of the process used when a cell replicates itself, in its exact form. The cell duplicates perfectly, with the same DNA. During this phase, the chromosomes align, separate, and are moved to the opposite ends of the cell, forming two identical cells (OpenStax, 2013). Within this phase, there are five sub-phases called prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. An example of…