Phase-shift keying

different physical layers. The choice of physical layer depends on the applications. The different physical layers are: Narrow Band (NB), Human Body Communication (HBC) and Ultra Wide Band (UWB). NB physical layer is used for the activation or deactivation of the radio transceiver and data transmission and reception. The PSDU (Physical Layer Service Data Unit) needs to be pre-appended with Physical Layer Preamble (PLCP), to construct PPDU (Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit). PLCP is used for packet detection and for timing synchronization. PSDU contains the MAC header, MAC frame body and Frame Check Sequence (FCS). The modulation technique used by NB PHY layer are: Differential 8-Phase Shift Keying (D8PSK), Differential Binary Phase Shift Keying (DBPSK) and Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (DQPSK). HBC Physical layer provides Electrostatic Field Communication (EFC). This EFC covers modulation, Start Frame Delimiter (SFD) and packet structure. In this layer PPDU consists of PLCP preamble, PSDU and PLCP header. The PLCP preamble and SFD are created using 64-bit gold code sequence. When the receiver receives the data, it uses preamble sequence to detect the beginning of data. The communication between on-body devices and off-body devices are achieved through UWB physical layer. Here the PPDU bits will be converted to a RF signal for transmission in wireless medium. Ultra Wide Band PPDU contains a PHY Header (PHR), PSDU and a Synchronization Header (SHR). To decode the…

the highest drug solubilization capacity for docetaxel. Whereas, Captex and Gelucire 44/14 shown the least solubility of docetaxel in them. Based on the solubility results, Capmul PG8 NF was selected as the oil phase, Cremophore EL as surfactant and Transcutol-P as co-surfactant. Capmul PG 8 NF (HLB 6) has partial aqueous solubility over Capmul MCM C8 which may help in easy dispersion of drug in an aqueous medium [34,35]. A good combination of surfactants with low and high hydrophilic lipophilic…

brainstorming activities. There were conflicting norms as the elders were not pleased that the younger group members were involved in drinking alcoholic beverages and because of the intoxication these group members contributed less than those who remained sober. Mimi explained that although the group represented the intended wheel network, the all-channel seemed more organic and are in the secondary tension phase. The next individual I conducted with the survey was a business man, named Mark.…

This artifact is primary based on sample rates and to see the effects of sample rates by using Sinusoidal waves. Sinusoidal waves can be represented using frequency and period. The Frequency of a Sinusoidal wave is the number of complete cycles that happen in a particular period of time or in a given sample. The Period in terms of Sinusoidal waves, is the time it takes to perform one complete cycle. The Sinusoidal wave is a series of identical cycles happening repeatedly. The sample rate is the…

Tuckman has four phases of group development. The first being forming, the second being storming, the third being norming, and lastly the fourth being performing. Each of these four phases are influenced by different aspects of your group coming together and working. Essentially the three of these phases are meant to lead you to the fourth phase with success. My group has gone through all four of these phases throughout this semester, while working on our project for COM 240. Tuckman’s first…

and turbulent. Adolescents go through significant phases in their journey of figuring out who they are and how they fit into the fabric of everyday life. The first one being the naive phase; this is where we believe we know everything there is to know. This is the stagnant phase where we cannot see change and think about forever in the most literal sense. Second is the turbulent phase; where we find ourselves rebelling to anything that we feel is oppressive. Lastly is the phase of awakening, in…

Chapter eight of the text Sound and Recording by Francis Rumsey and Tim McCormick, discusses the principles of digital audio, and contrasts digital with analog. The text also illustrates how digital and analog work together to produce desired sound. In the world of audio there are two types; digital and analog. Analog can be described as physical or tangible in a sense, being etched onto some type of media. Digital however, is a representation of the audio waveform, which is converted into a…

In summary of the phases, a therapist will follow to administered therapeutic intervention with a client, termination is the last phase. The therapist should have built-in termination phase at the first phase of engaging and assessing the client. It will make it easier for both therapist and client to end well. It is the end of a worker-client relationship. But must be based upon convincing evidence that the goals and objectives have been achieved. Termination must end successfully. In Robert’s…

EQ:- Eq is often used to shape the tone of a vocal track. Which meanest is often used by engineers to enhance the tone, make the tone muddy, enhance the low ends etc. In EQ the first step I would suggest is to remove the low ends. Play around with the eq to remove the rumbles in the track and make it as clean as possible before putting on any effects or compression. Use a high pass filter to remove most of the low frequencies like the background noise. Use drastic eq to find out where the…

to ask questions of their own, and in turn allows the educator to support the child’s investigation with prompting questions to encourage critical thinking and reasoning (Campbell, Jobling and Howitt, 2015, p. 72). The interactive approach is shown below in (Appendix 2, p. 13) when the educator said “When the ball got stuck it’s because there was not enough force to propel it forward, do you know what this motion is called?” and this approach is shown throughout (appendix 2, pp. 12-17). Thirdly,…