Phenols

Phenols Degradation by Fenton Reaction in the Presence of Chlorides and Sulfates Siedlecka et al. (2005) also studied a series of phenol compounds present in wastewater. These compounds, as mentioned above, are widely used therefore are commonly found in wastewater derived from different industries such as petrochemical, food or resin manufactured. Since common biological treatment for these kinds of compounds is not feasible, is important to develop new technologies to treat these recalcitrant molecules. In this paper the authors studied the influence of chloride and sulfate anions on Fenton’s reaction of three representative phenol compounds: phenol, 2-chloro- and 2-nitrophenol. The batch experiments were carried out with the phenol solution in…

wheat kernels in 150 μm sieve; Wwheat in 75μm sieve = weight of wheat kernels in 75 189 μm sieve; Wpan = 190 weight of empty pan; and Wmaize meal = weight of maize flour. 191 Determination of Crude Protein 192 The crude protein content of the roasted maize was determined in duplicate by Dumas combustion 193 method as described in AACCI Approved Method 46–30.01 (AACC, 1999) using a Leco, model 194 FP-528 (Leco Africa, Kempton Park, South Africa). Calibration of the instrument was done using 195…

selected variables such as pH of phenol solution, concentration of hydrogen peroxide, concentration and the volume of phenol to be treated was studied to find the degree on the degradation of phenol. The influence of these variables on the degradation of phenol using H2O2 by interpreting the TOC results is presented in the following sections. 3.1 Effect of pH The phenol degradation with different pH is shown in Figure 3. As it is clearly seen, a higher pH favors the removal of phenol in…

After the extraction, recrystallization, and determination of melting points for the unknown compound #4 were performed, and observations were noted, the results were obtained. The two compounds yielded were 4-tert-butyl phenol and triphenylamine. The masses obtained of each compound were 0.071g and 0.298g. The melting point ranges obtained are as follows; for the first the solid started to melt at 94 ˚C and was completely melted at 98˚C, and for the second the solid started to melt at 115 ˚C…

the control experiments, the interaction between the Calcium Chloride and phenol red are responsible for the high temperature change in the overall reaction. After doing a control experiment with Sodium Bicarbonate and phenol red and noticing that the temperature got colder, only one other chemical mixed with phenol red could be responsible for the warm temperature change that chemical being Calcium Chloride. There was a temperature change that was observed during the individual control labs as…

It has been reported that the use of phenol is the surgical procedure of skin peeling can produce cardiac arrhythmias although specifics of dose received were not determined and would be expected to be extremely high (Office of Environmental Health Hazzard Assessment, 2015). In 1985 a group of iron and steel foundry workers with multiple chemical and aerosol exposures were examined and found to have more respiratory systems in the phenol exposed group (Office of Environmental Health Hazzard…

They used TEM, BET specific surface area, X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to analyses physico-chemical properties of the catalyst. In addition, the catalytic activity, dimer inhibition, stability, and a kinetic model are analyzed to gives further evidence of the effectiveness SCWG of phenol. The results of their experiment show that Ru/CeO2 effectively assisted for converting phenol to gaseous fuels CH4 and H2 in supercritical water. Moreover, The efficiency of…

Observe Ligand-Protein Interaction using Gel Filtration Chromatography (Phenol Red Binding to Bovine Serum Albumin) Introduction: Serum albumin is often known as blood albumin, and is the most abundant protein in humans and other animal plasma. Serum albumin is also known as a carrier protein by non-specifically binding several biomolecules. It is essential for maintaining the osmotic pressure that is needed for body fluids distribution between body tissues and intravascular compartments.…

Introduction The ferric chloride test is used to determine the presence of phenols in a given sample or compound (for instance natural phenols in a plant extract). Enols, hydroxamic acids, oximes, and sulfinic acids give positive results as well. The ferric chloride test can be used to detect metabolites in urine in case of inborn error of metabolism such as phenylketonuria. In addition,the Ferric Chloride test can be used to detect salicylates in urine after an aspirin overdose.1 Background…

As it can be seen the concentration of the phenol compounds decreased as the hydrogen peroxide increases. The presence of the anions decreases the rates of the phenolic compounds, the sulfates influence in a smaller degree. For phenol and 2-nitrophenol the difference in slope or degradation rates for chloride and sulfate are 0.71 and 0.55, and only 0.16 for 2-chlorophenol. The presence of chloride inhibits in greater proportion the formation of hydroxyl radicals than the sulfate , this can be…