Fenton's reagent

ferric system after the quick initial decomposition by the ferrous system. However, in the presence of organics, the ferric system is almost entirely stopped by the higher reaction potential of the radical species with the organics and other hydrogen peroxide molecules. The efficiency of the Fenton Reaction process is also dependent upon catalyst type, pH, temperature, and the characteristics of the organic materials being targeted. The generation of hydroxyl radicals has been studied using other transition metal cations with multiple redox states like chromium, copper, cobalt, and ruthenium with no significant increase in efficiency shown. Therefore, iron has been the choice of catalysts for the Fenton reagent because of its economic availability. However, in terms of Fenton reagent qualifications, the properties of copper are workably similar to those of iron. Both the Cu (I) and Cu (II) oxidation states of copper react easily with hydrogen peroxide in much the same way iron (II) and iron (III) do. Testing has revealed that this “Fenton-like” system should be effective over a wider pH range compared to iron-based reactions, which only work well in acidic conditions. All copper Fenton-like catalysts generate hydroxyl radicals with the same potency as iron-based radicals for the oxidation of organic compounds. Additionally, copper (II) complexes with organic intermediates can be more easily decomposed by hydroxyl radicals than the corresponding iron (III) complexes, which…

Phenols Degradation by Fenton Reaction in the Presence of Chlorides and Sulfates Siedlecka et al. (2005) also studied a series of phenol compounds present in wastewater. These compounds, as mentioned above, are widely used therefore are commonly found in wastewater derived from different industries such as petrochemical, food or resin manufactured. Since common biological treatment for these kinds of compounds is not feasible, is important to develop new technologies to treat these…

The maximum amount of product that can be determined from an experiment is called the limiting reagent, this is because this reagent runs out first. In our lab the amount of Cu3(PO4)2 was determined from the amount of CuCl2 in the reaction. When CuCl2 ran out no more Cu3(PO4)2 could be produced. The theoretical Yield is found by calculating the maximum amount of product the limiting reagent can produce. The theoretical yield in our experiment was .304 grams, we calculated this value using…

The limiting reagent is determined by first using the “weighing by difference” method, which is when one measures a substance by comparing the difference in its mass before and after transferring it to another container. To later collect the copper product produced in the reaction, quantitative transfer was employed to completely remove the copper product from the beaker and into the vacuum filtration apparatus, a technique used to separate different substances through the use of a filter and…

Amount of CaCl2 = m/M = (0.5g )/( 110.98 g/mol ) = 0.004505316 mols of CaCl2. Amount of CaCO3 = 0.004505316 x 1/1 = 0.004505316 mols of CaCO3. Molar mass of Na2CO3 = 2(22.99 g/mol) + 12.01 g/mol + 3(16.00 g/mol) = 105.99 g/mol. Amount of Na2CO3 = m/M = (0.7g )/( 105.99 g/mol ) = 0.006604396 mols of Na2CO3. Amount of CaCO3 = 0.006604396 x 1/1 = 0.006604396 mols of CaCO3. Thus the Calcium Chloride is the limiting reagent as it produces less Calcium Carbonate. Molar Mass of CaCO3 =…

The results obtained for this lab were very unsatisfactory, even though the results sustain a general trend throughout the course of the experiment, the results were not expected. At the beginning of the experiment all reagents produced satisfactory results, the reactant 2-bromopropane was determined to be the limiting reagent for the Grignard formation and the Isopropyl Magnesium Bromide was correctly formed. However, random errors occurred at the nucleophilic addition step. At this period, it…

(2) Swelling degree (%) = ("Lw - Ld" )" × 100" /"Ld" .......................................................................... (2) where Lw and Ld are the length of wet and dry membranes, respectively. 2.5.2 Oxidative stability by Fenton’s reagent test Oxidative stability of the membranes was tested by immersing the membrane sample into 50 ml of Fenton’s reagent (30 % H2O2 containing 30 ppm FeSO4) at room temperature for 5 h. After desired time, the samples were taken out of the solution…