Cytoplasm

) for the media with the control and latrunculin compound. We estimated the average by dividing the number cells by five. Different groups were assigned different time, at time 0, some groups have observed no signs of latrunculin on phagocytosis occurring, whereas the control group having only the DSMO had some macrophages carrying phagocytosis. At 15 minutes, both control plate and latrunculin plate had phagocytosis occurring while at 30minutes the data showed phagocytosis occurring in both cell plate. Previous research has shown that Latrunculin A affects the polymerization of actin disrupting the organization of the cytoskeleton (microfilaments) which are important for the complete engulfment of particles and their release into the cytoplasm as an early endosome or phagosome (Coue, Brenner, 1987). The results didn’t disprove the importance of latrunculin A on phagocytosis to occur. But the data showed phagocytosis taking place at a faster rate at 15 to 30 minutes incubation time. Discussion It is becoming clear that some compounds can alter bacterial uptake during phagocytosis. It has been shown that latrunculin A affects the polymerization of pure actin in vitro with the formation of a 1:1 molar complex between latrunculin A and G-actin (Coue, Brenner 1987). Latrunculin A is used extensively as an agent to remove monomeric actin in living cells. More research can be tailored to understand more about the processes by which compounds affect phagocytosis. Because of the…

One of the viruses that extend in massive areas of the world, and compel the scientists to look again for this virus is a ZIKA virus. As a result of the rapid prevalence of a ZIKA virus in Asia, Africa and America, it classifies now as an emerging virus, on the other hand, the lack of biological research leads to Increasing the cases of ZIKV in the world. This project sheds light on the mystery novel that allows ZIKV invasion and infection the host cells. A penetration process of ZIKA virus…

In figure 4a it shows which protein it shown in a membrane raft fraction before and after FCεRI stimulation. The figure show that it was a control test with the membrane raft fraction, and a second one with FCεRI. The proteins that was tested for was CTx, α IKK2, α SNAP-23, α Syntaxin 4, α VAMP-2. The paper wanted to see if IKK2 was going to react to stimulation of FCεRI. In the control experiment it shows that CTx was on the fifth band of membrane raft fraction. When it came to α IKK2 the band…

Beetroot tissues will be the model investigated in this lab. Specifically the effects of temperature stress on the beetroots cellular membrane. Beetroot is known as Beta Vulgaris, it is one of the healthiest vegetables one can eat with plenty of minerals and vitamins. One of the main vitamins in beetroot is betaine which serve as organic osmolytes that are synthesized or taken from the surroundings by the cells to protect against osmotic stress, high temperature or, drought. Roots of beet also…

Adhesins are cell surface components of bacterial and fungal appendages that promote adhesion or attachment to other cells or surfaces, usually to hosts that they infect or survive in. Specific adhesion to host tissue cells is an important virulence factor of many fungal and bacterial pathogens. Basic processes that regulate fungal and bacterial attachment to host tissue surfaces are negotiated by fungal and microbial adhesins. Specificity of the host and tissue tropism is a property that is…

membranes within the cytoplasm of the cell, occurring either with a smooth surface (smooth endoplasmic reticulum) or studded with ribosomes (rough endoplasmic reticulum) involved in the transport of materials. Nucleus- a dense organelle present in most eukaryotic cells, typically a single rounded structure bounded by a double membrane, containing the genetic material (Contains: nuclear pore, nucleolus, nucleoplasm, and nuclear envelope) Golgi Apparatus- a complex of vesicles and folded…

Transport of proteins into the nucleus occurs via a channel called nuclear pore complex (NPC), which penetrates and spans the nuclear envelope, a double membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm. The outer nuclear membrane is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum, hence giving a shorter pathway for proteins to enter the nucleus; inner nuclear membrane contains proteins acting as binding site for nuclear lamina, indirectly providing support for the NPC as the primary function of…

Laboratory Report 2 Student: Ian Lee Pepito Lab Section: 1 The Cell Cell Structure Nucleus a. Control center of the cell Cell Membrane b. Controls passage of materials into and out of the cell Chromosome c. Filaments of DNA and protein Chloroplast (Plastids) d. Sites of photosynthesis Cell wall e. Cellulose structure supporting plant cell Cytoplasm f. Substance in which organelles are embedded Mitochondria g. Sites of cellular respiration Nucleolus h. Composed of RNA and…

cell membrane which is sometimes called plasma membrane is found in the cytoplasm (jelly-like substance inside the cell) and its function is to protect the cell by allowing certain substances into the cell and also keeping other unwanted substances out. The cell membrane also serves as a support to the cell and helps maintain its shape. The cell is made up of a mix of protein and lipid. The lipid helps to give membranes their flexibility and the protein which helps in the transfer of molecules…

Biology Assignment 1. Annabelle Bottjer LO1 3. Explain precisely the functions of the following cell components: Nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, rough endoplasmic recticulum, smooth endoplasmic recticulum, Golgi body, mitochondrion, cell wall, chloroplast, vacuole. Nucleus: The nucleus is a membrane bound organelle that is often reffered to as the 'brain of the cell' as it controls the cells activities. It is the largest organelle in most cells which means it is easily visible…