Metaphysics

Aristotle’s metaphysics, therefore, are of more value to us than Plato’s because they are concerned with our own world. Michael V Wedin claimed that Plato’s theory is “irrelevant to the affairs of persons” and it’s hard not to agree. Many argue that, as Aristotle did,…

Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man, and the Origin of Evil, Leibniz discusses the idea that we live in the “best of all possible worlds”. Because God would have chosen to create the best of all possible universes. In his Discourse on Metaphysics, Leibniz explains that God “acts in the most perfect manner”. In Leibniz’s La Monadologie, He states that the number of possible universes in God’s imagination is infinite. Since only one of them can exist, there must be a good reason…

the powers within a cause and how it produces its effect. He demonstrates this fact by showing that even a priori reasons are not sufficient to understanding the necessary connection. Additionally, even experience, which is the basis of Hume’s metaphysics, cannot inform individuals how one billiard ball can move another ball. This is so because humans are confined to the constant conjunction of events. That is to say, the mind begins to anticipate an effect when watching a cause numerous times…

religious of a particular denomination, like Catholicism and be a Jung follower, because it contradicted the beliefs of both ideas. In addition, Jung does not show concern for the meaning, but the root of what it offers to the person. He also denies metaphysics and definitions of the self, because he believes the self is discovered in the second half of…

defined as a very subjective feeling or state of being. Naming happiness as one of the pinnacles of a person’s existence, a bold declaration, does not depict the entirety of life’s portrait, there are flaws with that statement. In Kant’s The Metaphysics of Morals, he inserts a dialogue between student and teacher introducing a concept that seems to be used sparingly. Teaching a student normally becomes a monologue, not allowing questions only hinders the student from thoroughly understanding…

matter allows us to account for sensible substances in ways that neither the Pre-Socratics nor the Platonists and Pythagoreans could. By making a substance “something yet again,” Aristotle allows us the ability to dismiss the problems faced by Plato (in reference to accounting for a form’s ability to change), and also the issues of infinite regresses faced by the Pre-Socratics. However, form and matter themselves are not “things” in the same way that a substance is a thing. Form and matter are…

In this essay I aim to critically discuss the changes that take place from Descartes’s to Kant’s conception of the ‘I think.’ To do this, I will start by discussing the key conception of Descartes ‘I think’, before discussing the key conception of Kant’s ‘I think’, while highlighting and discussing the conceptual moves that take place between the two along the way. I will then use Nietzsche to show the weaknesses of the claims made and finish by demonstrating why Nietzsche has convinced me that…

Immanuel Kant is one of the many inspirational philosophers that represent Western European philosophy, especially with one of his famous philosophy work, which called, “Goodwork of the Metaphysics of Moral”. In his famous work he argues,” that morality is based neither on the principle of utility, nor on a law of nature, but on human reason (Sandel)”. In his philosophy work, he defines the thought process of defining the meaning of “goodwill” from his perspective and reflects upon the three…

In Emanuel Kant’s Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, he provides his readers with the definition of free will. Moreover, from his definition of free will, Kant will attempt to prove that free will is the equivalence of following the set of moral laws that you would want everyone else to pursue. In this paper, we will focus on Kant’s concept of a free will, and the inferences he makes in order to prove his conclusion that free will is equivalent to following moral laws as long as the moral…

Does the moral worth of an action come from the consequence or the thought behind that action? In Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals, Immanuel Kant states that “the moral worth of an action does not lie in the effect expected from it” but that it is motivated out of respect for the moral law (Kant 401). However, in Utilitarianism, Mill supports the claim that what makes actions good is the outcome, not the action’s initial moral worth, “the motive has nothing to do with the morality of the…