Metaphysics

Immanuel Kant argues in the Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals that we have “duties to ourselves” which leads some actions to be wrong; however, these actions do not concern to anyone but ourselves. Giving a loan to oneself and promising to pay it back is such a duty that some might believe in, but other than that most believe there are no duties at all. The action could not be wrong if the only one person directly involved in that action agrees to it. Some might beg to differ from this…

Friedrich Nietzsche, in “Section I: On the Prejudices of Philosophers,” Nietzsche starts by criticizing at numerous philosophical concepts that originated from respected philosophers that made an influence to the branches of philosophy (Epistemology, Metaphysics, Ethics, and etcetera). However, one should consider that Nietzsche’s criticisms are not based out of randomness, instead to determine which philosopher holds the strongest argument. For instance, Nietzsche questions Rene Descartes…

Paul D. Cottingham Fr. Kurt Messick Epistemology September 13, 2014 Kant’s and Hume’s epistemology Immanuel Kant and David Hume were notable philosophers within the modern era, each with their own respective ideology and philosophy; Kant was influenced by rationalism, crafted a theory after the Copernican Revolution explaining the role of human reason in obtaining knowledge, whereas Hume, who was influenced by skepticism, put an end to pure reason and an end to the Enlightenment Era. In the…

Carroll, Thomas D., The Problem of Relevance and the Future of Philosophy of Religion, Metaphilosophy, Pg. 39-58.
 A. Religion has always played a vital role between humans and society, especially in terms of what is good and proper. In modern world, people have become increasingly dissociated from religion and spirituality. In the article, The Problem of Relevance and the Future of Philosophy of Religion. Thomas Carroll emphasizes the importance of the study of itself. What exactly is the study…

Kant paved the way for phenomenological thinking. I will hope to show how the various key concepts of Kant's philosophy paved the way for phenomenological thinking. This includes the Copernican turn, the antinomies and Kant's denial of dogmatic metaphysics. I will argue that Kant effectively paved the way for phenomenology by claiming that the phenomenal realm is all that we can really know anything about. The paper will follow this notion by highlighting some of the more problematic notions in…

Determinism is the observation that the rules of nature jointly with the world 's initial state are enough to verify the state of the world at all other direct in the prospect. What "determine" represents here isn 't forever obvious, other than generally what citizens have in brain is something similar to "derivability": and also determinism is the observation that individual could derive (in an perfect logic of "derive") all other prospect state of the world just from the earth 's preliminary…

Plato's Allegory of the Cave. What I intend to talk about is Allegory of the cave, and what is the meaning around the theory. Human perception, to get real or true knowledge, we must achieve this through philosophical reasoning. Because knowledge gained by your senses is not real knowledge. And in the allegory of the cave, what’s the difference between sensory knowledge and finding the truth philosophically. And we start with the prisoners that are bounded in the cave. They cannot move, look to…

Descartes’ main goal with his first meditation is to provide a new foundation of the sciences. He claims that the foundation of the sciences lies within our minds and is exclusive of our senses. To prove this theory, Descartes uses the method of logical doubt, in which he states “if I am able to find in each one some reason to doubt, this will suffice to justify my rejecting the whole” (Descartes, 6). This means that, if he can find the slightest doubt regarding a fact, he can therefore can…

Morpheus awakens Neo, he tries to decipher the difference between reality and what he thought he knew about reality before. He finds it difficult to differentiate between the Matrix and reality, which leads into the philosophical issues pertaining to metaphysics…

Immanuel Kant is a modern philosophical figure who continues to exercise influence today in metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, political philosophy, aesthetics and a significant number of other fields. Freedom is important to Kant's view because moral appraisal presumes that we are free in the sense that we have the ability to do otherwise. To see why, consider Kant's example of a man who commits a theft, Kant holds that in order for this man's action to be morally wrong, it must have been…