Metaphysics

Both Avicenna and Thomas Aquinas articulately explain the nature of the Divine Intellect in their respective works The Salvation, “Metaphysics” and Summa Contra Gentiles: Book One: God. They offer arguments that contrast one another concerning the divine intellect, and in particular, God’s ability to intellect singulars. Despite the convincing nature of Avicenna’s proofs, Aquinas effectively proves God’s knowledge of singulars by a sound argument that supports God’s knowledge of singulars, a…

memory or experience of the person. The memories cause ascription of properties in things, and the presence of the properties in other things cause temporal confusion in perceptions. The erroneous perception is not only based on the experience but metaphysics. The abstract reasoning situation (brahman) and atman (appearance to be a finite body and self) are accountable for such superimposition according to the Samkhara. Superimposition creates a locus in something and another entity is…

at any particular time. The first was the physical world that is perceived. The second was the scientific world that people learn to conceive through formal observations. The third is the abstract world that is expressed in terms of logic, math, metaphysics, ethics and aesthetics. The fourth is the world of bias commonly attributed to a particular ethnicity. The fifth is the supernatural worlds of religion, such as Christianity or Buddhism, that contain their beliefs of post mortal states. The…

The Sorites Paradox, or the Paradox of the Heap is a paradox which comes in two forms; the many-premise version, and the two-premise version. Both versions lead to the same conclusions but offer different ways to reach that conclusion. This essay will focus on the workings of the two-premise version. The paradox arises as a result of vague predicates (Barker, 2009); demonstrating a problem with human language. This is the idea of human language being excessively vague, and that measurements we…

Is the concept of time a metaphysical construct or is it real? In Metaphysics the thought provoking and irritating questions of life are always raised. What is the meaning of life? What is being? What is the purpose of human existence? And the preponderance of Metaphysics is the question; does God exist? Even though these questions are just as important they all coincide with the existence of time. Time connects to the thought provoking questions of life. If you believe in God time can be…

Thomas Aquinas’s arguments consist mainly about reasons on God and how it can be proved that God exists. He incorporates the ideas of metaphysics and ethics to demonstrate the existence of a higher power. I agree to his argument that the existence of God is self-evident amongst is also demonstrable which is agreeable. The concept of self-evident is defined as no reason or proof is required to prove an objective. In Aquinas’s terms, self-evident can be associated with the belief that the…

Starting out, George Berkeley begins with having a clear understanding and characterization of common sense. He says that there are two principles by which we characterize “commonsense realism”. George Berkeley says the two principles are, “1. Things exist independently of our perceiving that they do. 2. Things have the qualities they seem to have: The rose we see is really red, the sugar on our tongue is really sweet, and the fire we approach is really hot” (Melchert 382). Previously, Galileo,…

of the utmost importance of scientific clarity, and scientific self-evidence. Spinoza and other influential rationalists of the like use Descartes claims as a platform with which to move forward with their own answers to fundamental questions in metaphysics. Extending past the description of Descartes’ Cogito Ergo Sum and its vast functions, to prove the philosophical validity of the statement the next step is to strike down the criticisms of the argument.…

Aristotle had several notable ideas such as the Golden Mean, reason and logic, and his main interests were based on metaphysics, science, and ethics. For Plato, he came up with ideas such as the Theory of Forms, Platonic Idealism, Realism, and Platonic dualism, and focused his main interests in epistemology, justice, virtue, politics, and education. Focusing on the idea…

antinomies, none were more well-recognized or well known than the third antinomy, which concerns the nature of freedom and determinism. This antinomy went on to pave the way for the rest of German Idealism, along with signaling a general shift in metaphysics that Kant himself would be engaged with for the rest of his life. As an indication of its impact, despite the Critique being published over 300 years ago, the nature of the their antinomy is still being discussed today. Most notably, there…