Interleukin

Vaccines Cause Depression There is a popular misconception within the world of the internet regarding potential effects vaccination could have on mental health. These include, but are not limited to, claims such as it causes autism, weaker immune systems, and risky exposure to diseases. It is, however, important to realize that they all derived from misunderstanding of current data or based on outdated research. There exist many components to vaccines that have been blown-up out of proportion…

premature senescence, with poor deformability inhibiting them from passing through the fenestrations of the splenic red pulp, thus makes them subject to phagocytosis.10 Whereas the decrease in erythropoiesis perhaps due to low concentration of interleukin 10 (IL-10) and suppression of erythropoietin synthesis.9 TNF-α might as well responsible for dyserythropoiesis due to its action on bone marrow suppression seen in…

Tacrolimus toxicity mimicking Progressive Multifocal Leucoencaphalopathy in renal transplant patient ABSTRACT: Tacrolimus is an immunosuppressive drug prescribed to many transplant patients. It has many common side effects include shaking, headache, diarrhea, constipation, nausea/vomiting (N/V), stomach upset, loss of appetite, insomnia, tingling and swelling of the extremities. In kidney transplant patients, 30% or more side effects are infection, HTN, abnormal renal function, constipation,…

Question #2: How does metabolic stress limit endurance performance? Discuss specific physiological limiters relating to metabolic stress. Endurance exercise is known to cause metabolic stress due to the increased rate of oxygen consumption. With an increase in oxidative respiration, a greater amount of electrons pass through the electron transport chain amplifying free radical production. These free radicals are called reactive oxygen species (ROS) and can set off chain reactions damaging other…

Annotated Bibliography Henna Awan Florida State College at Jacksonville HSC4730 Dr. James Stittsworth 10/11/2015 Roher, A. E., Cribbs, D. H., Kim, R. C., Maarouf, C. L., Whiteside, C. M., Kokjohn, T. A., et al. (2013). Bapineuzumab alters aβ composition: implications for the amyloid cascade hypothesis and anti-amyloid immunotherapy. PLoS ONE, 8(3), e59735. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059735 The neurological changes related to Alzheimer's disease (AD) heavily support the amyloid cascade…

In order to understand the hypothesis, first we must understand what is amyloid-beta, and how it is synthesized. Amyloid-beta is a peptide cleaved from the amyloid-beta precursor protein, which is a larger integral membrane protein found concentrated in neuronal synapsis (Masters et al., 1985;Glenner & Wong, 1984). An existing mutation in APP would lead to an increased cleavage and to a different availability of its sub products, hence increasing the amount of amyloid-beta being synthesized. A…

2.2 Effect of Pranayama on the Human Body Pranayama is a breathing exercise performed in yoga. There are various types of pranayama differing in frequency, rhythm, intensity and flow of breathing. One form of pranayama is alternate nose breathing. In this type of pranayama the practitioner blocks one nostril and breathes in. Switching nostrils, the practitioner breathes out from the other nostril. This process is cycled through. One such study evaluating the effects of alternate nose…

There are many autoimmune diseases that affects a 5% of the population. This occurs when the immune system can not detect the difference between self and nonself. The human immune system protects the body from foreign virus’ and sends antibodies to kill the unknown virus. This disease then causes the body to produce antibodies that will attack against the body’s healthy cells. It proceeds to attack itself and it’s healthy body cells. The actual cause of autoimmune disease is unknown. One theory…

T and B cells receptors in order to avoid these cells (Hornef et al., 2002). Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is a good illustration of this mechanism. Yersinia outer membrane protein H (YopH) produces tyrosine phosphatase protein, which suppresses interleukin 2 (IL-2) synthesis by the T cell. Moreover, this protein inhibits the activation of T cell antigen- specific receptors. In addition, the B cell shows an incapacity for the up-regulation of the co-stimulatory molecules expression of CD86, in…

that aflatoxin B1 exerts its toxicity on the immune system by different mechanisms. Inhibition of the aforementioned synthesis might directly or indirectly cause prevention of proliferation/ differentiation of immune cells, disrupt monokines and interleukin production and consequently destroy harmonic communication among immune system components (Dugyala & Sharma, 1996). As with toxicity testing, most studies focusing on mycotoxin…