Indicator

The purpose and objective of this experiment was to determine the percent by mass of acetic acid within a sample of vinegar using volumetric analysis with the titration technique. The theory is that if the volume and molar concentration of the standardized sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution is known, then the percent by mass of the acetic acid (CH3COOH) in vinegar can be calculated after a titration.1 Within this experiment, a NaOH solution was standardized with a primary standard acid of…

both discarded into the waste bin and rinsed three times to prepare for the next trial. The same process was used to obtain the 50 mL of NaOH as in the previous experiment, but Ba(OH)2Ba(OH)2 was used instead. HCl was added to the phenolphthalein indicator and deionized water as in the first trial. 4 mL was added quickly and a singular drop was added slowly from there. A reaction took place at exactly 6 mL which was what was predicted. A light pink solution was produced. The second trial went…

It is important to note that the goal of this experiment was to find the pKa value of bromothymol blue, a pH indicator commonly used in titrations. [UNC, 2017] The pKa is where the number of moles of acid to conjugated base are equivalent. To find this, both Beer’s Law and spectroscopy were utilized in an attempt to make graphs to show just where this value occurred. According to Sigma-Aldrich, the pKa of bromothymol blue is approximately 7.10. [SIGMA, 2017] The final pKa found experimental was…

The Undesired Outcome A. Nursing Sensitive Indicators Nursing sensitive indicators (NSI) were identified in the 1990’s by the American Nurses Association (ANA) as a way to link patient outcomes to nurse staffing (Montalvo, 2007). NSI established indicators to focus on and to provide a means to evaluate the care given by nursing staff (Nursing sensitive indicators, 2013). The patient scenario might have ended differently if the NSI had been adhered to and utilized. NSI’s have shown if a certain…

approximate concentration of 2.5 M against sodium carbonate solution. The main steps of this experiment were preparing the sodium carbonate solution, transferring the solution into a conical flask by using a pipette, adding the bromophenol blue indicator and titrating with hydrochloric acid until the first green colour appeared. The concentration of hydrochloric acid was found to be 0.2508 mol L-1. Introduction Standardisation is a process which is carried out to determine the actual molarity of…

Introduction Although, in general, salts are known for their solubility, not all types of salts completely dissociate in water. Some of them partially dissociates and creates a dynamic equilibrium due to the instances when their ions recombine to form the original salts. An example of this is potassium hydrogen tartrate (KHC4H4O6 or KHT). When KHT is placed in water, it partially dissolves and forms K+ and HC4H4O6- ions. This reaction is shown below: KHC_4 H_4 O_6 (s)⇄ K^+ (aq)+HC_4 H_4 O_6^-…

Water Quality Water is essential to human life and the health of the environment. Good water quality is essential for irrigation, drinking and recreation and also sustains ecological processes that support native fish populations, vegetation and bird life. We expect that our water supply will not only be safe, but will taste good, and look crystal clear. Water quality is commonly defined by its physical, chemical, biological and aesthetic (appearance and smell) characteristics. Water quality…

In this case methyl orange can be used as the indicator, pH arc being 3,1...4,4, or methyl red, pH arc being 4,4...6,2. If the pH value is bigger than the arc then the indicators will give a yellow colour to the solution, if smaller then a red colour. Total hardness is the sum of amount of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions and is determined via complex-titration. Here is the stoichiometric point found by using different complex ions with different colours. The solution is titrated with…

Direct titration method is a single step process. Substance is directly titrated with titrant by using simple indicator. Example: titration of strong acid (HCl) with strong base, which is usually the reactant (NaOH). 2. Indirect titration method is a two-step process. This is a titration method where the concentration of an analyte is determined by reacting it with…

they make contact with acidic acid. Being that they become extremely reactive with the acidic acid, forming consecutively larger bubbles until the solute (being Sodium bicarbonate) had completely dissolved in the acidic acid. Using the universal indicator it can be observed that the Unknown substance or Sodium bicarbonate had both became a chunky paste, which turns into a dark green colour which signifies that it is a moderately neutral-weak acid. Finally, when comparing the Unknown substance…