Indium

Discovered by a two German Chemists, Ferdinand Reich and Theodor Richter co-founded Indium in 1863. Their initial focus was to trace potential Thallium in Zinc ores (rocks), however, it eventually led them to extracting Indium as a by-product of Zinc ores. As of today, there are multiple regions and elements in which Indium can be extracted from but it is not because of its accessibility but rather the demand. The demand for Indium is primarily used for technological purposes- the most prevalent being electronics with LCD screens as this accounts for 80% of Indium consumption. Though Indium is a valuable resource in today’s society, the consequences of processing and disposing of this element poses an overall threat to the environment. Through an expensive process called ‘smelting,’ Indium is extracted through Zinc, Tin, Lead and Copper ores. Aside from knowing the origin of this metal, the key to further comprehending the…

some stabilizing organic molecules, broadly termed as surfactants, which are bulky and insulating ligands. The individual NCs in the thin film are indeed separated by these ligands, which significantly inhibit the charge transport. One of the simple yet effective ways to enhance the electrical performance of NC TFTs is the ligand exchange approach,2,3 replacing the long, insulating native ligands by short and more conductive molecules.1–6 Another way to decrease the inter distance, while keeping…

new electrode materials for rechargeable LIBs have undergone a drastic shift toward to nanomaterials.13–20 Bulk material are generally considered to possess sluggish lithium ion and electron diffusion. In contrast, nanomaterial-sized LIBs practically have been demonstrated to be efficient to favor both power rate and cycle life and furthermore lead to unusual lithium reaction mechanism. Many types of metal oxide nanocrystals (NCs) and nanoparticles (NPs) as high-energy-density anode materials…

anhydrous ethanol (1:4 volume ratio) by centrifugation (10,000 rpm, 10 min), Finally, the benzenethiol-capped QDs were dispersed in hexane at 10 mg/mL. Synthesis of ZnO NPs ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized from zinc acetate dehydrate and tetramethyl-ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) for electron transfer layers. TMAH in ethanol was dropped at a rate of 1mL/min into 0.1 M zincacetate dihydrate in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and this solution was stirred for an hour at 4 °C. The ZnO nanoparticles…

The above graph shows temperature of Sn0.3Ag0.7Cux In alloy as a function of indi-um weight percentage. Initially with no traces of Indium, the solidus temperature & liquidus temperature are 219.40̊C and 241.70̊C. It clearly shows that the temperature range goes wider as the concentration of indium is increased [6]. This is not a cost effective solution as indium is very costly. Titanium oxide nano particles addition led to temperature changing from 217 to 217.64 degree Celsius [7]. Zinc oxide…

As you will come to find out, resistive touch screens are the most preferred option in businesses, simply because they are more reliable than others. The mechanism behind resistive touch screen In order to operate, resistive touch screens make use of a pressure detector. The work of this pressure detector is to sense when the screen is touched under pressure. Once the detector senses this pressure, it goes on to carry forward the appropriate action. The resistive touch screen itself consists of…

Indium, gallium and platinum resources are diminishing quickly and will soon be gone due to rapid development of technology. For example, Indium is used in production of LCD screens and is expected to only last around 32 years, according to US data. In addition, gallium and platinum which is being used for solar power and fuel cells respectively are said to experience the same things. Without proper management during these minerals extraction, and lack of substitute substance development, the…

arsenic, cadmium, copper, indium, gallium, and selenium), may result in worker breathing problems. If cutting and scribing operations are not properly controlled through process enclosure and/or ventilation, airborne metal dusts have the potential to settle on to equipment, work surfaces and floors creating a potential cross-contamination issue as well as breathing intake hazard to workers. • Nanoparticles used in PV manufacturing Quantum dots floating in ink, nano wires, and silver cells are…

My goal is to pursue graduate studies in order to further develop less-expensive third generation thin film solar cell materials such as copper indium gallium selenide for multi-junction cells to increase efficiency and sunlight absorption. I want to research methods to develop new non vacuum processes to reduce the cost of solar cells’ production. With a decrease in production cost, solar cells may be manufactured in larger quantities so that students in developing countries can have…

chemistry, a glass dye, and a reducing agent in the fireworks. The known halogen compounds of selenium include: selenium chloride, selenium dichloride selenium bromide, selenium oxyfluoride (SeOF2), selenium oxychloride (SeOCl2) and selenium hexafluoride. The treatment of selenium with sulphuric chloride produces selenium dichloride which is an important reagent in the preparation of selenium compounds. The reaction of fluorine and selenium forms selenium hexafluoride which is a toxic…