Indole

Our initial investigation of the asymmetric Mannich reaction of indole 2a with phenyl α-amidosulfone 3a is summarized in Table 1. The effect of catalyst structure on the reaction outcome was first investigated at 10 mol% catalyst loading in toluene (Table 1, Entries 1–5). As we expected, based on our knowledge of the catalytic performance of chiral oligoEG 1,[7] the ether chain length (Entries 1–3) as well as suitable acidity of the phenolic protons (Entry 2 vs. Entries 4 and 5) are critical for the catalytic performance in this reaction. Consistently, catalyst 1b bearing iodine atom at the 3 and 3′ positions of the binaphthyl scaffold showed the best results in terms of catalytic activity (70% yield) and enantioselectivity (98% ee) (Entry 2, Table 1). In further experiments using (R)-1b as the optimal catalyst, different solvents were examined (Entries 6–10). In general, excellent enantioselectivity was obtained in all the solvents tested in this study. Among them, m-xylene proved to be the best in terms of yield (75%) and asymmetric induction (99% ee) (Entries 8–10). Further improvement of the yield was achieved by increasing the equivalents of indole (83% yield and 99% ee, Entry 11).…

We were further interested to elaborate our catalytic conditions to the Friedel-Crafts reaction of indoles with α-amido sulfone 8 as a precursor of N-Boc α-imino ethyl glyoxylate. The use of imino derivatives of glyoxylates as electrophiles in aza-Friedel–Crafts reaction afforded the corresponding 3-indolyl glycine derivatives, an important class of nonproteinogenic amino acids useful for synthetic intermediates and building blocks for natural products such as dragmacidins.[14] Although some…

pneumoniae does not produce proteases and cannot break down proteins via proteolysis. The fat hydrolysis test was performed to determine whether our bacteria produces lipase, an enzyme that breaks down fat. The fat hydrolysis test was positive, showing K. pneumoniae produces lipase and can break down fats. The indole test was performed to determine if our bacteria can break down tryptophan via the enzyme tryptophanase. Our indole test came back negative, meaning K. pneumoniae does not produce…

There are several different types of plant hormones some of which inhibit or promote growth in the plant. There are also synthetic varieties of these plant hormones, specifically the plant hormone auxin which has many different synthetic compounds. There is not much data on the impact that these synthetic hormones have on plants growth rate in pea plants. In order to understand the impacts of synthetic auxin an experiment was conducted using natural auxin, naphthaleneacetic acid, and…

Citrate: The citrate test gave a positive result, showing a dark blue color in the tube, caused by the alkaline conditions present, which is caused by the bacteria’s ability to utilize the citric acid present in the citrate slant. The positive result confirms the presecnce of the citrase enzyme. H2S Production: The H2S test yielded a positive result, giving rise to a black precipitate created by iron and H2S combining. Proving the presence of the desulfurase enzyme. Indole: The indole test…

not want contamination. After doing this procedure and examining it under a microscope, I can see that my bacteria is gram negative and my bacteria shape are rods. This is an important step because some bacteria get its’ name from its’ characteristics. As you can see in Figure 1 my bacteria have a pink color which indicate negative and you can see the rod shape. If my bacteria were purple, it would be gram positive. SIM stands for Sulfur-Indole-Motility which it a medium test that detects…

The one test that made the decision was the SIM tests. Due to S. typhimurium being the only bacteria that is negative for indole production and positive for both motility and sulfur was a major factor in determining that this was the unknown bacteria. At this point the other tests didn’t really matter, but for a greater certainty that this bacteria was indeed S. typhimurium the other tests were done as well. The lactose fermentation produced a negative result for acid and gas formation and the…

naphthoylindole compounds in clandestine samples 1-n-pentyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole, JWH-018 with its three possible regioisomers, 1-n-pentyl-3-(2-naphthoyl) indole, 1-(1-naphthoyl)-3-n-pentylindole and 1-(2-naphthoyl)-3-n-pentylindole. The 1-(1- and 2-naphthoyl)-3-n-pentylindole shows only two fragment ions at m/z 155 and the m/z 127. The JWH-018 shows one unique major fragment ion at m/z 324. Chapter three compares the six regioisomers of 1-n-pentyl-3-(dimethoxybenzoyl)-indoles. The six…

After incubation for the SIM test the Kovac’s reagent was added and the top of the broth did not turn a dark red, it was decided that this was a negative test for Indole. With the negative Indole test result this eliminates E. coli and P. vulgaris. The last test I did was use a Urea broth test for #29. The results from this test were negative which means there was no production of urease to break down urea and produce a pH change to trigger the phenol red to turn pink. This outcome eliminated…

tube where its considered “anaerobic”, or dispersed between the tube to show that it’s a “facultative anaerobe” (MB 352 Laboratory manual pg 47). Considering that after incubation, the organism did not grow through the tube but stayed rather stationary and near the bottom, showed that it appeared to be anaerobic, but this conclusion is inaccurate with my hypothesis, since Enterobacter aerogenes is considered to be “facultative” based on page 85 of the lab manual appendix E (MB 352 Laboratory…