Indium tin oxide

during the purification processes was also found to be improved. I. Introduction Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are considered as promising light emitting materials owing to their superior optical properties such as broad absorption, narrow emission bandwidth, and easy control of the emission peak wavelength.[1–5] The performances of colloidal QD light emitting diodes (QD-LED) are rapidly improving in terms of brightness and external quantum efficiency with the development of high quantum yield QD and with the improvement of charge transfer layers. For example, metal oxide charge transfer materials such as ZnO nanoparticles and TiOx films contributed to the recent improvement of QD EL.[6,7] The ligands of QD also play an important role in determining the EL performance.[8–12] Typically QDs are capped by various ligands such as oleic acid (OA), oleyamine (OAm), trioctylphosphine (TOP), and trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO). These long chain carbon ligands help QD to disperse in solvents, but they function as the insulating barriers and block the access of charges in and out of the QDs.[8–11] Ligand exchange with conductive surfactant molecules can improve the mobility of QD layers.[12] The hybridization of QDs with conducting and long-chain block copolymers were used to enhance the carrier injection and stability.[13–14] In this study, OA and TOP ligands of CdSe@ZnS are exchanged by short conductive ligand, benzenethiol (BT). The performance and stability of QD-LED in the…

performance of NC TFTs is the ligand exchange approach,2,3 replacing the long, insulating native ligands by short and more conductive molecules.1–6 Another way to decrease the inter distance, while keeping the NC size the same, is to anneal the NC solid at temperatures well below the melting temperature of NC cores.7 Metal oxide semiconductors have been intensively investigated for applications in electronics. Among many metal oxide semiconductors, indium oxide (In2O3) has been considered as a…

In recent years, modern Li-ion batteries (LIBs) have become ubiquitous power source for a variety of applications such as laptops, mobile phone, and digital camera to electric vehicles, owing to their high power density, high energy density, and long cycle life.1–3 However, there are still many critical challenge to increasing the energy, power density, and improved cycling stability.4–6 In particular, selecting noble electrode materials is the hottest topics in the LIB field. Among them, bulk…

This is what people refer to when they talk about smog. According to the Webster dictionary, smog is “a photochemical haze caused by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmosphere polluted with hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen especially from automobile exhaust” (Dictionary, 2016). Because of our atmospheric pollution, when smog is present and it begins to rain, the rain traps the chemicals and brings them down to the earth’s water…

Carbon Dioxide, is a natural occurring chemical compound that consists of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms. On Earth carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere from respiration, combustion of coal or hydrocarbons, and respiration. However most of the carbon dioxide that is released into the atmosphere is removed by organisms that conduct photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the processes in which organisms, such as, plants, algae and cyanobacteria (bacteria that obtain their energy from…

As of September 2016, over 260 million Americans have consumed at least 1 bag of potato chips. This means that at least 24375 tons of chips have been eaten in the past year. However, that calculation would only be true if each bag contained at minimum its labeled amount. When opening a bag of chips, it is easy to assume that the labeled amount is false due to the amount of empty space inside. Thus, the goal of this paper is to explore this idea and document the experimentation that follows in…

title>INTRODUCTION Optical constants (complex refractive index n, complex dielectric function ϵ, and reflection and absorption coefficients R and α) of materials are of great importance for optical metrology in the semiconductor industry.1,2 A high-performance complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor process flow with 11 layers of metal requires about 75 photolayers and may contain up to 100 thickness measurements, most of them performed using spectroscopic ellipsometry.3 This technique has…

Recent research shows that AgNPs enhance luminol fluorescence and chemiluminescence by acting as a catalyst with hydrogen peroxide. When AgNPs interact with hydrogen peroxide they cause the peroxide to degrade into superoxide and hydroxyl radical, which also react with luminol to form 3-aminophthalate (Equations 2-5) [13]. The further degradation of hydrogen peroxide into other reactive oxygen species promotes higher fluorescence intensity. Figure 5 shows the increased fluorescence intensity…

demands of the continuous casting. In order to coordinate the properties of mold flux, many oxides are used in the mold flux – especially the similar oxides such as Na2O and Li2O, and MgO and CaO. This can micro – adjust the properties of mold flux. The distributions of silicate anionic species (Qn) were obviously different whereas the equimolar substitution of CaO for MgO (and Na2O for Li2O) are at a fixed NBO/T. The degree of polymerization of molten slag with a same NBO/T is same except the…

that they had distinct soil parameters in terms of total organic carbon (TOC), Fe oxide, Al oxide, pH which have been observed as important controllers for bioaccessibility of As, Cd and Pb reported in previous chapters. MGA soils contained a high amount of TOC (8.37 %), Fe oxide (12.49 g kg-1), Al oxide (12.6 g kg-1) whilst few TOC (1.48 %), Fe oxide (0.64 g kg-1) and…