Hyperkalemia

Heart failure (HF) is a complex and progressive clinical syndrome that can result from any structural abnormality or functional impairment of ventricular filling or ejection of blood.1 The term “heart failure” is preferred over “congestive heart failure” because some patients may show no signs or symptoms of volume overload.1 An estimated 5.1 million Americans >20 yrs of age have HF based on NHANES 2007-2010 data.2 By 2030, projection show that the prevalence of HF will increase 25% from…

symptoms until individuals are exposed to anesthesia. However, there are cases where an individual with MH goes under anesthetics and will not react. The reaction includes a dangerous rise in body temperature, metabolic and respiratory acidosis, hyperkalemia, and muscle rigidity. The response is due to an abnormal ryanodine receptor which is a Ca2+ release channel involved in excitation-contraction coupling. Normally, the…

For the first time in 20 years the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced a new major food labeling overhaul. Food labeling and what ingredients are disclosed on labels has been a controversial topic in the United States. For Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and Diabetic patients in particular, proper food labeling has been a very important issue as foods with hidden trans fat, potassium, and sugar can raise a patient's risk of harmful side effects. Issues include spiking blood sugar, blood…

irritability (Mohr, 234). When the muscle starts to catabolize, myoglobin is released and blocks the tubules in the kidney (Mohr, 235). Based on muscle catabolization and myoglobin being released, nephrotoxicity occurs causing kidney failure and hyperkalemia (Mohr, 235). Therefore, with significant changes due different intracellular ions, Trevor is at risk for kidney…

Incorporating physical activity is crucial for insulin therapy as it enhances cellular sensitivity to insulin and can escalate glucose intolerance. Exercise will also benefit cardiovascular function, weight control and overall increased health. Finding a cautious balance between moderate and vigorous exercise is important because increased exercise will cause hypoglycemia. Allowing time for consistent glycemic control before starting an exercise program is strongly encouraged. Blood sugar…

Key Issues of Concern This is Mrs. H, a 70-year-old African American female presented to the clinic with complex health problems. Some of her problems include: hypertension, heart failure. Patient has genetic predisposition to some diseases like DM2, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. This could be a contributing factor to her health problems. She has diabetes with an A1c of 8.5, this indicates that her diabetes is not within the normal range of less than 7% (National Guideline Clearinghouse,…

1-A nurse is caring for a client prescribed a medication that has anticholinergic effects. What are anticholinergic effects and what nursing interventions should be taken for this client? Anticholinergic drugs are used when the level of neurotransmitter acetylcholine is low in the body. It primarily used to treat extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) induced by antipsychotic in the treatment of psychosis and schizophrenia. Anticholinergic is used to treat client with Asthma, incontinence,…

the body rejecting it. (http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/blood-type-test?page=4) A person receiving a blood transfusion of large volumes may run the risk of serious complications. The recipient may experience “coagulation issues, hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia, acid base abnormalities, ARDS and hypothermia”. The best way to prevent these complications, or lessen the chances, would be to infuse the blood over a period of time. (http://ceaccp.oxfordjournals.org/content/6/6/225.full) Blood type…

During ARF excess fluid volume can occur due to the intake being greater than the output. This usually occurs in the oliguria phase. Due to the patient being on diuretic, the nursing intervention would be to monitor I/O and also monitor for the specific gravity in the urine. In order to measures the kidney’s ability to concentrate urine. The nurse also needs to maintain and monitor the patient weights daily to prevent any additional weight to be added. The patients need to be on a fluid and diet…

Depolarizing relaxants are associated with life threatening hyperkalemia and non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs may lead to a prolonged effect (3). Some controversy about the use of volatile anesthetics and their potential to cause a malignant hyperthermia-like syndrome or rhabdomyolysis exists (4). Therefore…