Electrophilic aromatic substitution

Experiment 7 Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Of Salicyamide Name: Lidia Santiana Palha Student number: s3333523 Email-address: lidiapalha@gmail.com Name of demonstrator: H.Helbert Reaction Equation Summary Salicylamide and sodium iodide are dissolved in ethanol, and stirred and cooled to 0. After that household bleach was added while stirring vigorously, solution changed from colorless to pale yellow. Sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid were added aswell. Product collected by vacuum filtration and recrystallized from 96% ethanol. IR- and H- NMR-spectrum were taken to determine the location of the I+. I had a yield of 0,7 g (2,66mmol, 18,2%). The iodide’s position is opposite of the –OH group. Salicylamide…

one preparative. Both experiments demonstrated the theory and concepts behind electrophilic aromatic substitution. As the term states, the experiments deal with the chemistry of six membered ring compounds and their transformations through electrophilic substitutions. This type of reaction transforms the aromatic compound by allowing various functional groups to be attached to it. The general process of this reaction is a hydrogen on an aromatic ring, most simply an arene, being replaced by an…

The goal of this lab was to prepare methyl m-nitrobenzoate using electrophilic aromatic substitution. An example of electrophilic aromatic substitution is nitration where a hydrogen atom which is part of a aromatic ring is substituted by an electrophile. For benzene, aromaticity is a stabilizing feature. As such, instead of undergoing electrophilic additions, it undergoes electrophilic substitutions. The nitronium ion is the electrophile which gets attached to the electron rich aromatic…

This experiment was performed in order to demonstrate the principles of nitration through electrophilic aromatic substitution. It also examined the effects of bromine on an aromatic ring, ortho-para vs. meso directing. The second experiment was performed to compare the reaction rates of electrophilic aromatic bromination with different arenes. Data and Results In the gas chromatogram, there are two large peaks. The first peak at 0.653 minutes with an area of 133,352 uV per second, 31.95% of…

An electrophilic aromatic substitution was carried out to form p-iodophenol from p-aminophenol. The final product was isolated through extraction after the major series of reactions took place. The first set of reaction occurred when the starting material reacted with sodium nitrite and sulfuric acid, which will form a diazonium salt. This salt will be reacted with potassium iodide, with copper as a catalyst, to form p-iodophenol. Determination of the melting point of p-iodophenol will help to…

Interaction of concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acid generated nitronium ion which is electrophile. And methyl benzoate nitration is one of electrophilic aromatic substitution. Nitronium ion will reacts with protonated intermediate at the meta position. After NO2 substituted, it becomes arenium ion intermediate. Then, the remained product HSO4- will attack hydrogen then transfer the proton to methyl 3-benzoate. In the experiment, students placed around 12 drops of concentrated H2SO4 in…

indicate that the above compounds could be transformed to new derivatives in the presence of Penicillamine and phosphate buffer with concentration of 0.2 M and PH=7 during the EC mechanism . Using electrochemical data obtained of performed studies , electrolysis of 2-amino-4-methylphenol has been made in the presence of Penicillamine which is served as role of nucleophile and the product has been yielded with suitable practical response . In all cases in order to optimize the electrolysis…

The objective of this lab was to perform an electrophlic aromatic substitution using a phenol that was nitrated with dilute nitric acid method. This method was chosen because it would result in high yields of p-nitrophenol and o-nitrophenol, as opposed to other nitrophenols. Initially, the reaction was performed and the crude product was isolated and put through column chromatography to separate and purify the nitrophenol isomers. Fractions were taken from the column to perform to TLC analysis…

The purpose of this experiment was to complete an electrophilic aromatic substitution by filtration and recrystallization and to determine the major product. TLC plate was used to figure out any unreacted starting material or presence of isomers (ortho, meta, or para) in the final product. Results: 3.42 grams of methyl benzoate was obtained initially. The crude yield of methyl benzoate was 3.42 grams, and the purified yield of methyl benzoate was 2.27 grams. The melting point of the crude…

In this experiment, students were expected synthesize methyl orange and test its pH and its dyeing characteristics on different fibers. In order to do this, students started with the diazonization of sulfanilic acid. To perform this diazionization, sulfanilic acid was placed in a vial with a spin vane and mixed with aqueous sodium carbonate, forming a salt. With the addition of sodium nitrite, an N-N-dimethyl aniline was formed and is what was used for the formation of methyl orange. To form…