Electrophilic aromatic substitution

Experiment 7 Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Of Salicyamide Name: Lidia Santiana Palha Student number: s3333523 Email-address: lidiapalha@gmail.com Name of demonstrator: H.Helbert Reaction Equation Summary Salicylamide and sodium iodide are dissolved in ethanol, and stirred and cooled to 0. After that household bleach was added while stirring vigorously, solution changed from colorless to pale yellow. Sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid were added aswell. Product collected by vacuum filtration and recrystallized from 96% ethanol. IR- and H- NMR-spectrum were taken to determine the location of the I+. I had a yield of 0,7 g (2,66mmol, 18,2%). The iodide’s position is opposite of the –OH group. Salicylamide…

one preparative. Both experiments demonstrated the theory and concepts behind electrophilic aromatic substitution. As the term states, the experiments deal with the chemistry of six membered ring compounds and their transformations through electrophilic substitutions. This type of reaction transforms the aromatic compound by allowing various functional groups to be attached to it. The general process of this reaction is a hydrogen on an aromatic ring, most simply an arene, being replaced by an…

The goal of this lab was to prepare methyl m-nitrobenzoate using electrophilic aromatic substitution. An example of electrophilic aromatic substitution is nitration where a hydrogen atom which is part of a aromatic ring is substituted by an electrophile. For benzene, aromaticity is a stabilizing feature. As such, instead of undergoing electrophilic additions, it undergoes electrophilic substitutions. The nitronium ion is the electrophile which gets attached to the electron rich aromatic…

This experiment was performed in order to demonstrate the principles of nitration through electrophilic aromatic substitution. It also examined the effects of bromine on an aromatic ring, ortho-para vs. meso directing. The second experiment was performed to compare the reaction rates of electrophilic aromatic bromination with different arenes. Data and Results In the gas chromatogram, there are two large peaks. The first peak at 0.653 minutes with an area of 133,352 uV per second, 31.95% of…

Interaction of concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acid generated nitronium ion which is electrophile. And methyl benzoate nitration is one of electrophilic aromatic substitution. Nitronium ion will reacts with protonated intermediate at the meta position. After NO2 substituted, it becomes arenium ion intermediate. Then, the remained product HSO4- will attack hydrogen then transfer the proton to methyl 3-benzoate. In the experiment, students placed around 12 drops of concentrated H2SO4 in…

The purpose of the experiment was to form ketones by electrophilic aromatic substitution through a Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction of an aromatic compound. In the synthesized Friedel-Craft acylation reaction mechanism, the double bond on the nucleophile anisole (methoxybenzene) attacks the acetyl electrophile. The acetyl compound is then bound to the anisole in the para position, which created the product p-methoxyacetophenone. Since anisole is an activator (electron donor), the acetyl could…

group. Introduction P-nitroacetanilide is a chemical compound made of a benzene ring with a nitro group attached to it, and a methylamide group located para to the nitro group. The molecular weight of the compound is recorded at 180.1 g/mol, with a molecular formula: C8H8N2O3, and a structural formula of: . Before analyzing the data for purity and identification of p-nitroacetanilide, it is crucial to understand the reaction mechanism for p-nitroacetanilide formation. Nitration of…

Elimination reactions can occur instead of substitution reactions. There are two kinds of elimination reactions: E1 and E2. E1 reactions are 2 step; the leaving group will leave, forming a carbocation and a leaving group anion. Then, a hydrogen on a neighboring carbon will leave; the electrons from the C-H will remain on the C, forming a double bond between the two Carbons that had the LG or H leave. The positive Hydrogen that left will bond with the nucleophile. E2 reactions are one step; the…

83 99 [a] Reaction Conditions: 3a (0.2 mmol), 2a (0.2 mmol), KF (0.4 mmol), catalyst (0.02 mmol) in solvent (0.2 mL) at room temperature for 12 h, unless otherwise specified. [b] Isolated yield. [c] Enantiomeric excess (% ee) was determined by chiral HPLC. A wide range of substituted indoles and imines were then tested under the optimized reaction conditions (1.2 equiv of indole, 2 equiv of KF, and 10 mol% of catalyst in toluene at room temperature for 12 h) to test the generality of the…

What is SN2? This is a Nucleophilic Substitution reaction where there are 2 components in the rate determining step. It occurs simultaneously as bonds are made and broken at the same time. During the backside attack, a nucleophile attacks the electrophile from the back and causes an inverse in configuration. This attack causes a leaving group to leave. A transition state is formed while this reaction occurs, which is when the leaving group and nucleophile are attached at the same time. What…