Functional group

electrophile to form a carbocation, resonance occurs, and then a hydrogen is removed from the carbon that received the electrophile using a weak base to form a double bond, which was lost. When conducting an aromatic substitution reaction, there are several things that need to be taken into consideration, like what functional group is being substituted. Depending on the group can affect the outcome of the reaction in terms of structure and whether it can be done or not. Groups that are referred to as activating groups, which are electron donating, produce products that are in the ortha and para positions, some examples that result in this are –OH, -NH2, -CH3, -X, etc. Deactivating groups are electron withdrawing and result in substituents added to the meta position and examples are –NO2, -SO3H, etc. (OChemPal, 2009). Examples of these positions can be viewed below. In the experiment, the aromatic compound methyl benzoate will be reacted with nitric acid and sulfuric acid to produce methyl 3-nitrobenzoate. The nitric acid and sulfuric acid react to form a nitronium ion, NO2+, which acts as the electrophile. The nitronium ion is considered a deactivation group, meaning it is add to the aromatic in the meta position (Weldegirma, 2014). Mix 0.6 mL of sulfuric acid with 0.3g of methyl benzoate and cool to approximately 0°C. Then add an mixture of sulfuric acid and nitric acid drop wise to solution while on ice and continuously mixing, mixture is 2 mL sulfuric acid and 2 mL…

With the matrix structure, it overlaps both the functional design, which is what Omidyar initially started out with and the divisional design. Within the matrix structure method, employees belong to at least two groups at the same time. For example, within the functional areas Omidyar set up initially, someone in finance could have knowledge and work in the operations division of the company and vice versa. The workers would also report to two supervisors – one within the functional group and…

The purpose of this lab was to prepare tetraphenylcyclopentadienone most commonly known as tetracyclone. This involved a 3-step synthesis over the course of 3 weeks. The first step was the preparation of benzoin, which was completed through self-condensation of benzaldehyde with thiamine used as the base catalyst of the reaction. The next step was the preparation of benzil from the oxidation reaction of benzoin with nitric acid. In the oxidation reaction, the alcohol functional group of benzoin…

research has identified the key structural groups of the compound that are essential for its function (Combemale et al., 2013; Kudo et al., 2010; Nakamura et al., 2003). Bioassays examining the structure-function relationship have resulted in a crude comprehension of the potency of HPA-12 and numerous analogues (Fleury et al., 2015; Santos et al., 2015; Ueno et al., 2001; Yasuda et al., 2001). However, from a medicinal chemistry perspective, an important aspect of this appears to have been…

Temazepam, commonly known as Restoril, is a sleeping pill that is prescribed to patients. This drug is classified under a type of drugs called benozaphines, which are, “a large group of drugs with sedative and anxiety-reducing properties, which have been found valuable for a large number of uses” (UXL Encyclopedia of Drugs and Addictive Substances). This class of drugs is used to reduce anxiety and help with insomnia. Since temazepam is classified as a benzodiazepine, I was curious as to what…

also indicated which functional group the unknown composed itself of. The assessment was done using distilled water and four to five drops of the unknown. If the compound was soluble in water, the unknown was mixed with an ether solution further determining its solubility: if insoluble with the ether solution, the compound was classified as S2, meaning it was composed of salts of organic acids. If soluble in the ether solution, a litmus test was done to determine whether it was an acid (Sa),…

Organic Acids An organic acid is an organic compound with acidic properties. The most common organic acids are the carboxylic acids, whose acidity is associated with their carboxyl group –COOH. Sulfonic acids, containing the group –SO2OH, are relatively stronger acids. Alcohols, with –OH, can act as acids but they are usually very weak. In general, organic acids are weak acids and do not dissociate completely in water, whereas the strong mineral acids do. Lower molecular mass organic acids such…

In the IR spectrum, RM-10-1i, peaks that are present correspond to the functional groups in 6-ethoxycarbonyl-3,5-diphenyl-2-cyclohexenone. These functional groups are sp2 hybridized carbons at 3031 cm-1, sp3 hybridized carbons at 2981 cm-1, a carbonyl at 1735 cm-1, aromatic carbon-carbon stretching at 1660 cm-1, an ester carbon-oxygen stretching at 1144 cm-1, and alkene carbon-hydrogen stretching at 698 cm-1. There was no alcohol present in this spectra, indication that all of the catalyst was…

converting lead into gold, as methane is an inert molecule with few methods of selective transformation. Methane is a ubiquitous byproduct with the potential to create more efficient chemical syntheses and replace the current petrochemical feedstocks through less expensive and more readily-available alkanes . C-H bond activation frequently occurs at transition-metal centers , often with high selectivity and trivial conditions. Our research group specializes in organometallic chemistry, most…

Negative Compound 7 No precipitate Negative Compound 8 Precipitate forms Positive Compound 9 No precipitate Negative Compound 10 No Precipitate Negative Discussion In the Water Solubility test, if a compound contains a carbonyl or hydroxyl group, or if it is a carbon with less than three carbons, it will have a positive result, being soluble in water. This is because water is a polar solvent, not dissolving compounds that are non-polar. In alcohols, the hydroxyl group is polar and dissolvable.…