Dark matter leaves astronomers and physicists baffled as to what it possibly could be. Scientists design experiments to attempt to figure out what it is, but no one truly knows what composes dark matter. Physicists are so interested in understanding dark matter because it accounts for the formation of the Universe, as observable through studying the distribution of gravity within galaxies (Carnegie). Original attempts at studying dark matter referred to dark matter as baryonic, which is a word used to describe baryons, or quark based particles. Quarks make up “normal” subatomic particles, and so when referring to dark matter as baryonic, physicists were assuming that dark matter was made up of protons, electrons, and neutrons, just like all types of known matter, yet that would infer that we would be able to observe dark matter through telescopes. In the 1970s, astrophysicists and astronomers thought browns dwarves could be composed of dark matter (Arguelles et…
universe. They used the world 's largest and most complex scientific instruments to study the basic constituents of matter – the fundamental particles. On 4 July 2012, CERN and Collaborative companies, experiment at Large Hadron Collider announced they had each observed a new particle. This particle is called the Higgs boson predicted by the Standard Model. The Higgs boson, as proposed that this particle is the simplest manifestation of the Brout-Englert-Higgs mechanism, which is The basic…
There have been many amazing and life changing scientific discoveries that have been made in the past, but how many of them have been filmed and documented for future generations to experience? Particle Fever follows experimental physicists Monica Dunford, Martin Aleksa and Mike Lamont and theoretical physicists, Nima Arkani-Hamed, Fabiola Gianotti and Savas Dimopoulos on the incredible journey to discover if the Higgs-Boson particle, nicknamed the ‘god particle’ is in fact creatable. The Large…
science that does not have an immediate benefit in everyday lives is often seen as less important. In the movie, Particle Fever (2013), Mark Levinson delves into the world of science and the creation of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The United States government halted the production of a similar version of the LHC because they found no immediate benefits from this experiment. They deemed money to be spent on more practical applications such as funding the military, schools, or healthcare…
quantum Hall effect, or quantum call conductance, which is a the quantum version of the Hall effect. The Hall effect describes the difference in voltage when a magnetic field and electric current are perpendicular to each other across a conductive material. The Hall effect depends on the conductivity of the material which the conductor is made of. The quantum Hall effect instead is in a two-dimensional electron system at low temperatures in a strong magnetic field. When the term two-dimensional…
grain-machine interaction systems responses where the micro parameters in DEM models are developed using particle-particle friction, particle-geometry friction and the particle density to simulate material behavior (Asaf et al., 2007). The particle size and shape distribution are also considered to be input DEM parameters. In DEM, spherical particles are usually preferred because of the efficiency of contact detection. However, when using this type of particles, the bulk friction of the assembly…
Quasiclassical Elienberger equations [129] for the green functions g(k , r, and order parameter , is a powerful tool to deal with inhomogeneous superconductors [130]. These functions depend on the so called, ‘Matsubara frequency’, , coordinate r, and wave vector k on the fermi surface. The dependence of green functions and order parameters on the wave vector k, makes them sensitive to the shape of fermi surface. This makes solution of Elienberger equations complicated in the system of complex…
Key Idea 1 Bosons are particles that follow Bose-Einsteins statistics. It makes up one of the two classes of particles, the other is fermions. Fermions are electrons, neutrons, and protons. Boson is mesons, alpha particles, and photons. Boson statistics do not restrict the number of them that occupy the same quantum state. There are two levels of states, excited state and ground state. Quantum states are controlled by constraints which they are invaded by. An example of this is notes from an…
SCIENTIFIC REPORT PROFORMA YEAR 8 Task 1 2018 Student name: Jacob Teacher: Miss Bianchi Class: 8.5 Due: Tuesday 27th March 2018 TITLE: Bouncing Balls BACKGROUND RESEARCH: Physics: is the main part of science involved with the character and properties of matter and energy. Matter of physics includes: mechanics, heat, light-weight and alternative radiation, sound, electricity, magnetism, and also the structure of atoms. Physics has many things that help us or things we use and we…
Takaaki Kajita from Japan and Arthur B. McDonald from Canada “for the discovery of neutrino oscillations, which shows that neutrinos have mass.” Their discovery was announced to be a historic discovery for particle physics. After a various amount of experiments and calculations, neutrinos were considered massless; however, after years of working Dr. Kajita and Dr. McDonald have come to the conclusion that neutrinos are capable of changing their identities, or flavors, and therefore they must…