Electrophilic aromatic substitution

being aromatic. Benzene has characteristics that differ from many compounds causing it to react differently when mixed with certain compounds. Although benzene has three double bonds, it does not react like a normal alkene in terms of addition reactions. For example, when bromine reacts with a simple carbon-carbon double bond it forms dibromo. Benzene does not do this unless it is in the presence of a strong catalyst, making it no longer an addition reaction, but an electrophilic substitution…

Abstract This experiment involved an electrophilic aromatic substitution of bromobenzene. Two products were formed: 4-nitrobromobenzene (4-NBB) and 2-nitrobromobenzene (2-NBB). Utilizing column chromatography and recrystallization, separation and purification of the two products was obtained. The mass of 4-NBB, the para product, was 1.57 grams, while the mass of 2-NBB, the ortho product, was 0.80 grams. The para product was expected to have the higher yield, since it is more stable and…

developed a method of converting isoindoloisoquinolinones using a Friedel-Crafts reactions. Friedel-Crafts are reactions that involve a 2-step substitution mechanism where substituents are attached to aromatic rings. Two types of this reaction include alkylation and acylation. Alkylation involves the synthesis of alkylated products from reactions between aromatic rings and alkyl halides or alkenes. During this reaction the presence of a strong Lewis…

crude product and started material. This suggests that the product made was Meta-Methyl nitrobenzoate even if it has little different melting point from the literature melting point which is 7880°C. Conclusion/Discussion: During the electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction between methyl benzoate and a nitrating solution of sulfuric and nitric acids, the Meta-Methyl nitrobenzoate product was obtained based on the product melting point range. Percent yield of the crude 56.42% and the percent…

when the amine group of 4-aminophenol is acetylated by acetic anhydride to produce paracetamol and the by-product of the reaction, acetic acid. Paracetamol is contains three functional groups; A hydroxyl group (OH), an amide group (HN-CO-R) and an aromatic group (benzene ring).…

Aromatic rings are very unique and therefore can follow very specific reactions in order to add select substituents to its ring. One of those types of reactions is referred to as Friedel-Crafts a reaction, to main sub-categories is Friedel-Crafts Alkylation and Friedel-Crafts Acylation. Both of these types of reactions involve electrophilic aromatic substitution and are work with deactivated rings (Friedel-Crafts Alkylation, 2010). In Friedel-Crafts Alkylation there is usually a secondary or…

Nitration occurs when benzene is treated with a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid. The reaction proceeds from an electrophilic aromatic substitution, where a nitronium ion acts as then electrophile. Nitration of aromatics is one of the oldest and industrially most important reactions. A reaction between an organic compound and a nitrating agent leads to the introduction of a nitro group onto a carbon, nitrogen or oxygen…

point was 47-52.7 °C. Introduction1 This experiment was designed to practice working with electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Specifically, a Friedel-Craft reaction was used to synthesize 1,4-di-t-butyl-2,5-dimethyoxybenzene from p-dimethoxybenzene and t-butyl alcohol. These reactions are designed so that a substituent can be added to a benzene ring. This is significant due to the stability of the aromatic substance. For this reaction to occur, a carbocation must be formed on the…

2 Figure 1: structures of phthalocyanine and porphyrins molcule The compound Phthalocyanine molecule consist of four isoindole subunits which are connected together by aza nitrogens and an aromatic 18π electron inner core which is further delocalized or shared into the four peripheral benzo units. The manifestation of the four aza nitrogens…

DNA damage can range from the formation of DNA adducts, base substitutions, insertions, and deletions (Alexandrov, et al., 2016), genomic structural rearrangements, chromosomal instability (Helleday, Eshtad, & Nik-Zainal, 2014), over activity of DNA repair mechanisms, damage to mitochondrial DNA and microRNA, excessive…