Aromatic hydrocarbon

83 99 [a] Reaction Conditions: 3a (0.2 mmol), 2a (0.2 mmol), KF (0.4 mmol), catalyst (0.02 mmol) in solvent (0.2 mL) at room temperature for 12 h, unless otherwise specified. [b] Isolated yield. [c] Enantiomeric excess (% ee) was determined by chiral HPLC. A wide range of substituted indoles and imines were then tested under the optimized reaction conditions (1.2 equiv of indole, 2 equiv of KF, and 10 mol% of catalyst in toluene at room temperature for 12 h) to test the generality of the reaction, and the results are summarized in Schemes 2 and 3. This catalytic condition was found to be general with α-amido sulfones 3 bearing different substituents (Scheme 2). Regardless of the electronic and steric nature of the substituents on the aromatic ring, all α-amido sulfones 3 as the imine precursors tested in this study smoothly converted to the corresponding Friedel-Crafts products 4a–4p with high yields and excellent ees after 12 h. Notably, the sterically demanding 1-naphthyl substituted amido sulfone 3b also smoothly converted to the corresponding Friedel-Crafts product 3b in 98% yield with 99% ee. Heteroaromatic substrates such as 2-furanyl (3l) and 3-thienyl (3m) also afforded almost quantitative yields and excellent ees. In addition, various aliphatic substrates 3n–3p were also explored for this reaction. To our delight, the reaction turned out to be highly tolerant to the ene-carbamate[10] formation, and essentially all the investigated alkyl chain substituted substrates…

Determination of Most Advantageous Sequestering Agent By: Kayla Jeeter and Ashley Driscoll Chemistry 112-508 Abstract The creation and execution of this project served to determine what material is a better sequestering agent of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that are found in Texas’ water. Charcoal is currently the most typical agent used to sequester PAHs. In this experiment, two different Bentonite clays (zeolites) were synthesized, one magnetized and one not, to determine if…

biodiversity. In order to continue to derive beneficial social, economic and environmental coastal ecosystem services at local, regional and global scales human society must elevate and integrate this multilevel task into their governance. Impact of The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill on Bioavailable Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons discussed how a lethal explosion at the Deepwater Horizon oil drilling rig located near the Louisiana coast led to the largest marine oil spill in United States history.…

Crude oil is a complex mixture of various organic compounds, comprising of different hydrocarbons and heteroatomic compounds (Simanzhenkov and Idem, 2003). In addition to carbon and hydrogen, petroleum might contain sulphur, oxygen and nitrogen, and metals such as nickel, vanadium, iron, and copper. Crude oil physical and chemical compositions vary with location, depth and age (Rahimi and Gentzis, 2006). Physical composition of crude oil varies from black liquids of high viscosity to…

This experiment was performed in order to demonstrate the principles of nitration through electrophilic aromatic substitution. It also examined the effects of bromine on an aromatic ring, ortho-para vs. meso directing. The second experiment was performed to compare the reaction rates of electrophilic aromatic bromination with different arenes. Data and Results In the gas chromatogram, there are two large peaks. The first peak at 0.653 minutes with an area of 133,352 uV per second, 31.95% of…

Oil is a necessity in order to import and export products, get you to and from work, and travel around the world. According to the Shell website, “Shell has been preparing for the challenges of a lower-carbon future. Our New Lens Scenarios describe plausible futures, where renewable energy sources like solar and wind could provide up to 40% of energy globally by 2060, and the sun could become the world’s largest primary energy source a decade later.” I believe this is a great change for Shell…

Perhaps one of the most widely debated topics, in recent years, is the construction of the Keystone XL Pipeline. The completion of the project has been done in multiple phases and one of the last phases scheduled to be completed is the phase 4 extension. This extension would create a pipeline that would trek, around 2000 miles, from Alberta Canada to the gulf coast of Texas (Friends of the Earth). Since the pipeline would cross international borders, approval from congress would be necessary in…

gas and oil costs changed and additionally they have made everything else go up in expense. The normal expense for fundamental things and the way that people are living is influenced by these expanding costs. In this paper I will analyze the different ways that these expenses are impacting standard life. The way that everyone has changed things in there life would be transportation and business costs. Gas Prices have changed an impressive measure consistently and it is from every angle growing…

Title: Everything About Hydrophobic Spray Description- A hydrophobic spray is mainly used for making a surface water-proof but it needs to be used carefully due to its easily damaging nature. A hydrophobic spray is also called hydrophobic coating and it is basically a nanoscopic layer which repels water. The droplets that hit this spray can rebound in a column shape or like a pancake. This coating is made of different materials which include zinc oxide polystyrene, manganese oxide polystyrene,…

1. What are Seismic Imaging Technology and Chevron use of the technology? Seismic Imaging is a tool/technique to find the availability of crude oils and natural gas underground. It is also known as reflection Seismology as it is a process of inspection geophysics to evaluate the properties of Earth’s subsurface by using the principles of seismology from the reflected seismic waves. Sound waves are recorded by Seismologists using an ultrasensitive device called geophone as they echo under the…